Table of Contents

Safety Recommendations

Lifting the Router Safely
Working with Electricity
Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage

Site Requirements

AC and DC Power
Plant Wiring

Interference Considerations
Distance Limitations
HSSI Connections

Equipment Racks
Site Environment
Preventive Site Configuration: Maintaining Normal Operation

General Precautions
Equipment-Rack Ventilation
Power

Preparing Network Connections

Additional and Optional Connection Equipment
AIP Interface Types
Channel Attachment Connection Equipment
Ethernet Connection Equipment
Fast Ethernet Connection Equipment
Token Ring Connection Equipment

Token Ring Physical Connections
Token Ring Fault Management

FDDI Connection Equipment

FDDI Media
FDDI Transceivers and Cable Connectors
FDDI Station Descriptions

MultiChannel (MIP) Connection Equipment
Serial Connection Equipment

Universal Serial Cables
E1-G.703/G.704 Cables
NRZ and NRZI Formats
Cyclic Redundancy Checks (CRCs)
Signal Modes and Timing
EIA/TIA-232 Connections
EIA/TIA-449 Connections
V.35 Connections
X.21 Connections
EIA-530 Connections

HSSI Connection Equipment
Console and Auxiliary Port Connection Equipment

Tools for Installation
Installation Checklist

Checking the Contents
System Components

Site Log
Port Configuration Worksheet
Site Log

Preparing for Installation

This chapter describes the equipment and site requirements for router installation. It includes the power and cabling requirements that must be in place at the installation site, descriptions of additional equipment you will need to complete the installation, and the environmental conditions your site must meet to maintain normal operation. This chapter includes the following preinstallation requirements:

• Safety recommendations to protect you and your equipment

  • Lifting the chassis

  • Safety with electricity

  • Preventing electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage

• General site requirements

  • AC and DC power requirements

  • Plant wiring (interference considerations, signaling and distance limitations)

  • Site environment

  • Preventive site configuration

• Network connections (optional and additional equipment such as connectors, cables, and media interface devices that you will need for connections to your Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, serial, channel attachment, multichannel, or HSSI networks)

• Tools required for installation

• Installation Checklist (a table that lists each installation step that you can check off when completed and then save the checklist as a permanent record in your Site Log)

• Unpacking Guidelines in addition to the complete unpacking descriptions that are posted on the outside of the router shipping container

• Site Log instructions and sample format

• Chassis Components Checklist (an inventory list that you should also complete and put into the Site Log for a permanent record of the system initial configuration)

• Configuration Worksheet (a place to record the type and port address of each interface)

Safety Recommendations

The following guidelines will help to ensure your safety and protect the equipment. This list is not inclusive of all potentially hazardous situations, so be alert.

• Never try to lift the chassis by yourself; two people are required to lift the router.

• Always turn all power supplies off (O) and unplug all power cords before removing the chassis front panels.

• Always unplug all power cords and remove all power supplies before installing or removing a chassis.

• Keep the chassis area clear and dust free during and after installation.

• Keep tools and chassis components away from walk areas.

• Do not wear loose clothing, jewelry (including rings and chains), or other items that could get caught in the chassis. Fasten your tie or scarf and sleeves.

Warning Metal objects heat up when connected to power and ground, and can cause serious burns.

Lifting the Router Safely

The router chassis weighs 76 pounds when empty (no interface processors or power supplies installed) and 145 pounds with 2 power supplies and 7 interface processors installed. The chassis is not intended to be moved frequently. Before you install the router, ensure that your site is properly prepared, so you can avoid having to move the chassis later to accommodate power sources and network connections.

Two people are required to lift the chassis. Whenever you lift the chassis or any heavy object, follow these guidelines:

• Never attempt to lift the chassis by yourself. The size and weight of the chassis require two people to safely lift and move it without causing injury or damaging the equipment.

• Ensure that your footing is solid and balance the weight of the object between your feet.

• Lift the object slowly; never move suddenly or twist your body as you lift.

• Keep your back straight and lift with your legs, not your back. If you must bend down to lift the chassis, bend at the knees, not at the waist, to reduce the strain on your lower back muscles. (See Figure 2-1.)

• Grasp the underside of the chassis exterior with both hands.

Warning Never attempt to lift an object that may be too heavy for you to lift safely. Never attempt to lift the chassis with the handles on the power supplies or the interface processors. These handles are not designed to support the weight of the chassis. Using them to lift or support the chassis can result in severe damage to the equipment and serious bodily injury.

• Remove all power supplies before lifting the chassis. Each supply weighs 20 pounds.

• Leave network interface processors installed; each weighs less than five pounds.

• Always disconnect all external cables before lifting or moving the chassis.

Figure 2-1: Lifting Safely

Working with Electricity

The CxBus network interface processors and redundant power supplies are designed to be removed and replaced while the system is operating without presenting an electrical hazard or damage to the system. (However, you must shut down the system before removing or replacing the RP, SP (or SSP), or any of the replaceable components inside the front panel: the blower, LED board, or arbiter board.) You can also remove or install a redundant (second) power supply while the system is operating. Before removing a redundant power supply, ensure that the first supply is powered on. Never install equipment that appears damaged.

The power supplies (AC-input and DC-input) have two safety features, a safety interlock switch and a cable-retention clip (see Figure 2-2). The safety interlock switch on each power supply prevents the power supply from being removed from the chassis when the power supply switch (labeled O for off and | for on) is on. When the switch is in the on (|) position, a metal tab extends into a slot in the chassis. When the switch is turned off (O), the tab is raised and clears the slot. The cable-retention clip prevents the AC-input power supply power cable from being accidentally pulled out of the power supply socket. For additional information, refer to the section "Power Supplies" in the chapter "Product Overview."

Figure 2-2: Power Supply Safety Interlocks—AC-Input Power Supply Shown

• Before beginning any procedures requiring access to the chassis interior, locate the emergency power-off switch for the room in which you are working.

• Disconnect all power and external cables before installing or removing a chassis.

• Do not work alone when potentially hazardous conditions exist.

• Never assume that power has been disconnected from a circuit; always check.

• Do not perform any action that creates a potential hazard to people or makes the equipment unsafe.

• Carefully examine your work area for possible hazards such as moist floors, ungrounded power extension cables, and missing safety grounds.

In addition, use the guidelines that follow when working with any equipment that is disconnected from a power source, but still connected to telephone wiring or other network cabling.

• Never install telephone wiring during a lightning storm.

• Never install telephone jacks in wet locations unless the jack is specifically designed for wet locations.

• Never touch uninsulated telephone wires or terminals unless the telephone line has been disconnected at the network interface.

• Use caution when installing or modifying telephone lines.

Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage, which occurs when electronic cards or components are improperly handled, can result in complete or intermittent failures. The RP, SP (or SSP), and interface processors each comprise a printed circuit board that is fixed in a metal carrier. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, connectors, and a handle are integral components of the carrier. Although the metal carrier helps to protect the boards from ESD, use a preventive antistatic strap whenever handling the RP, SP (or SSP), or interface processors. Handle the carriers by the handles and the carrier edges only; never touch the boards or connector pins.

Caution Always tighten the captive installation screws on RP, SP (or SSP), and interface processors. These screws prevent accidental removal, provide proper grounding for the system, and help to ensure that the bus connectors are properly seated in the backplane.

Following are guidelines for preventing ESD damage:

• Always use an ESD-preventive wrist strap or ankle strap and ensure that it makes good skin contact.

• When removing interface processors, connect the equipment end of the strap to one of the captive installation screws on an installed interface processor or power supply. (See Figure 1-6.) When replacing internal components that are accessible from the front of the chassis (for example, the arbiter), connect the strap to an unpainted inner surface of the chassis, such as the inner frame that is exposed when the panels are removed.

• When installing an RP, SP (or SSP), or interface processor, use the ejector levers to properly seat the bus connectors in the backplane, then tighten both top and bottom captive installation screws. These screws prevent accidental removal, provide proper grounding for the system, and help to ensure that the bus connectors are seated in the backplane.

• When removing an RP, SP (or SSP), or interface processor, use the ejectors to release the bus connectors from the backplane. Grasp the handle and pull the carrier out slowly, using your hand along the bottom of the carrier to guide it straight out of the slot.

• Handle carriers by the handles and carrier edges only; avoid touching the board or any connector pins.

• When removing an RP, SP (or SSP), interface processor, arbiter board, or LED board, place the removed component board-side-up on an antistatic surface or in a static shielding bag. If the component will be returned to the factory, immediately place it in a static shielding bag.

• Handle bare boards (such as the arbiter board) by the edges only.

• Avoid contact between the board or interface processor and clothing. The wrist strap only protects the card from ESD voltages on the body; ESD voltages on clothing can still cause damage.

Caution For safety, periodically check the resistance value of the antistatic strap. The measurement should be within the range of 1 and 10 megohms.

Site Requirements

The environmental monitor in the router protects the system and components from potential damage from overvoltage and overtemperature conditions. To assure normal operation and avoid unnecessary maintenance, plan your site configuration and prepare your site before installation. After installation, make sure the site maintains an ambient temperature of 32° F through 104° F (0° C through 40° C), and keep the area around the chassis as free from dust as is practical.

The following sections address the site environment requirements for the router chassis.

AC and DC Power

The 700W, AC-input power supply uses a power factor corrector (PFC) that allows it to operate on input voltage and current within the ranges of 100 through 240 VAC and 47 through 63 Hz. The 700W, DC-input power supply allows the Cisco 7000 to operate between -40 and -72 VDC (-48 VDC nominal).

A second, identical power supply is also present in chassis configured with the redundant power option. Redundant power assures that power to the chassis continues uninterrupted in the event that one power supply fails. It also provides uninterrupted power in the event the input power line fails only if the power supplies are connected to separate input lines. If only one input line is available, and you must connect both power supplies to the same source, the redundant power supply will provide continuous power in the event the first power supply fails. It cannot, however, provide power backup in the event that the input power fails. Table 1-1 lists system power specifications including input voltage and operating frequency ranges.

Caution To prevent problems, do not mix DC-input and AC-input power supplies in the same chassis. Your Cisco 7000 must have either DC-input or AC-input power supplies.

Plant Wiring

Following are guidelines for setting up the plant wiring and cabling at your site. When planning the location of the new system, consider the distance limitations for signaling, electromagnetic interference, and connector compatibility, as described following.

Interference Considerations

When wires are run for any significant distance in an electromagnetic field, interference can occur between the field and the signals on the wires. This fact has two implications for the construction of plant wiring:

• Bad practice can result in radio interference emanating from the plant wiring.

• Strong electromagnetic interference, especially as caused by lightning or radio transmitters, can destroy the signal drivers and receivers in the router, and can even create an electrical hazard by conducting power surges through lines and into equipment. (Review the safety warnings in the section "Working with Electricity" in the chapter "Preparing for Installation.")

If wires exceed recommended distances, or if wires pass between buildings, give special consideration to the effect of a lightning strike in your vicinity. The electromagnetic pulse (EMP) caused by lightning or other high-energy phenomena can easily couple enough energy into unshielded conductors to destroy electronic devices. If you have had problems of this sort in the past, you may want to consult experts in electrical surge suppression and shielding.

Most data centers cannot resolve the infrequent but potentially catastrophic problems just described without pulse meters and other special equipment. These problems can cost a great deal of time to identify and resolve, so take precautions by providing a properly grounded and shielded environment, with special attention to issues of electrical surge suppression.

Distance Limitations

The length of your networks and the distances between connections depend on the type of signal, the signal speed, and the transmission media (the type of cabling used to transmit the signals). For example, standard coax cable has a greater channel capacity than twisted-pair cabling. The distance and rate limits in these descriptions are the IEEE recommended maximum speeds and distances for signaling; however, you can usually get good results at speeds and distances far greater than these. For example, the recommended maximum rate for V.35 is 2 Mbps, but it is commonly used at 4 Mbps without any problems. If you understand the electrical problems that might arise and can compensate for them, you should get good results with rates and distances greater than those shown here. However, do so at your own risk. We do not recommend exceeding published maximum data rates and transmission distances.

The maximum distances for Ethernet network segments and connections depend on the type of transmission cable used: 0.4-inch diameter coaxial (10Base5), 0.25-inch diameter coax (10Base2), or unshielded twisted-pair (10Base-T). The term 10Base-N is an abbreviation for 10 Mbps transmission, Baseband medium, and N is the maximum cable length in hundreds of meters.

Network connections to the coaxial cables are tapped into a network segment and must be spaced at specific intervals. Table 2-1 lists the maximum number of connections (taps) per segment and the intervals at which they must be placed. A maximum of four repeaters can be used to link segments in a single network.

The unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cabling used with 10Base-T is suitable for voice transmission, but may incur problems at 10-Mbps transmission rates. UTP wiring does not require the fixed spacing between connections that is necessary with the coax-type connections. IEEE recommends a maximum distance of 328 feet (100 meters) between station (connection) and hub for 10Base-T connections.

Fast Ethernet Connections

IEEE 802.3u specifies several different physical layers for 100BaseT: among them are 100BaseTX, which is 100BaseT, full duplex or half duplex, over Category 5, unshielded twisted-pair (UTP), Electronics Industry Association/Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA/TIA)-568-compliant cable; 100BaseFX, which is 100BaseT, full duplex or half duplex over optical fiber; and 100BaseT4, which is 100BaseT using Category 3, 4, or 5 UTP or shielded twisted-pair (STP) cabling with four pairs. 100BaseT4 is also called 4T+ or T2, which is 2-pair UTP over Category 3 cable.

Table 2-2 lists the cabling specifications for 100-Mbps transmission over 100BaseT, Category 5 UTP and MII connections.

Table 2-3 summarizes the characteristics of 100BaseT with respect to IEEE 802.3u physical characteristics.

Unbalanced G.703 interfaces allow for a longer maximum cable length than those specified for balanced circuits. Table 2-4 lists the maximum cable lengths for each FSIP E1-G.703/G.704 cable type by the connector used at the network (non-FSIP) end.

Token Ring Connections

Fiber (FDDI) Connections

The FDDI standard sets the maximum distances between stations to the fiber lengths shown in Table 2-5. The maximum circumference of the FDDI network is only half the specified distance because of signal wrapping or loopback during fault correction. The standard allows a maximum of 500 stations. Both single-mode and multimode transceiver types provide 11 dB of optical power.

Serial Connections

As with all signaling systems, serial signals can travel a limited distance at any given bit rate; generally, the slower the baud rate, the greater the distance. Table 2-6 shows the standard relationship between baud rate and distance for EIA/TIA-232 signals.

Balanced drivers allow EIA/TIA-449 signals to travel greater distances than EIA/TIA-232. Table 2-7 shows the standard relationship between bit rate and distance for EIA/TIA-449 signals.

SONET Connections for the AIP

The SONET specification for fiber-optic transmission defines two types of fiber: single mode and multimode. Modes can be thought of as bundles of light rays entering the fiber at a particular angle. Single-mode fiber allows only one mode of light to propagate through the fiber, while multimode fiber allows multiple modes of light to propagate through the fiber. As multiple modes of light propagate through the fiber, they travel different distances depending on the entry angles. This causes them to arrive at the destination at different times (a phenomenon called modal dispersion). As a result, single-mode fiber is capable of higher bandwidth and greater cable run distances than multimode fiber. The maximum distances for single-mode and multimode transmissions, as defined by SONET, are in Table 2-8. If the distance between two connected stations is greater than these maximum distances, significant signal loss can result, making transmission unreliable.

Attenuation is significantly lower for optical fiber than for other media. For multimode transmission, chromatic and modal dispersion reduce the available power of the system by the combined dispersion penalty (in decibels [dB]). The power lost over the data link is the sum of the component, dispersion, and modal losses. Table 2-9 lists the factors of attenuation and dispersion limit for typical fiber-optic cable.

Table 2-10 lists the factors that contribute to link loss and the estimate of the link loss value attributable to those factors.

For SONET versions of the AIP module, the signal must meet the minimum parameters listed in Table 2-11.

HSSI Connections

The High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) standard (EIA/TIA 612/613) specifies a maximum cable length of 50 feet (15 meters) for 52 Mbps HSSI connections. The typical (nominal) cable length between the HIP and the DSU is 6 feet (2 meters). The HSSI interface cable comprises 25 twisted pairs and a 50-pin plug at each end. Both DTE and DCE ports on the HIP and the DSU are 50-pin receptacles. The HSSI interface cable is similar to a SCSI-II-type (small computer systems interface) cable; however, the HSSI cable specification is more stringent than that for a SCSI-II. Substituting a SCSI-type cable to connect the HSSI interface may prevent proper operation of the interface.

Equipment Racks

An optional rack-mounting kit is available for mounting the router in a standard 19-inch equipment rack. The mounting kit is not suitable for use with Telco-type equipment racks, or those with obstructions (such as a power strip) that could impair access to the interface processors and power supplies. In Telco environments or at installation sites that use nonstandard racks, the router can be mounted on an equipment shelf, provided that the rack dimensions allow safe installation and access to the power supplies and interface processors. Figure 2-3 show the chassis footprint and outer dimensions.

To use the optional rack-mount kit, your equipment rack must meet the following requirements:

• The width of the rack, between the two front mounting strips or rails, must be 17 3/4 inches.

• The depth of the rack, between the front and rear mounting strips, must be at least 19 1/4 inches but not more than 32 inches.

• The height of the chassis is approximately 20 inches (19 1/4 inches when the chassis feet are removed). The rack must have sufficient vertical clearance to insert the chassis and, if required after installation, to remove the chassis feet.

• If the rack has a vertical power strip or other potential obstacle, ensure that it will allow sufficient clearance to install and remove both interface processors (11 inches deep) and power supplies (16 inches deep), both of which must be pulled straight out of the chassis. (See Figure 2-3.)

When planning your rack installation, consider the following guidelines:

• Allow at least 3 to 4 feet of clearance behind the rack for maintenance. If the rack is mobile, you can push it back within one foot of a wall or cabinet for normal operation and pull it out when necessary for maintenance (installing or replacing interface processors or power supplies, or connecting network cables or interface units).

• The ports for cooling air are located on the front and rear of the chassis, so multiple routers can be rack-mounted with little or no vertical clearance. However, avoid placing the router in an overly congested rack.

• Consider the equipment and cabling that is already installed in the rack. Ensure that cables from other equipment will not obstruct the airflow through the chassis or impair access to the power supplies or interface processors. Route cables away from field-replaceable components to avoid having to disconnect cables unnecessarily to perform equipment maintenance or upgrades.

• Install heavier equipment in the lower half of the rack to maintain a low center of gravity.

• If you plan to use an equipment shelf, ensure that the shelf is constructed to support the weight and dimensions of the chassis. Figure 2-3 shows the chassis footprint, which you will need if you are designing a customized shelf.

• Install the router in an open rack whenever possible. If installation in an enclosed rack is unavoidable, ensure that the rack has adequate ventilation or an exhaust fan.

In addition to the preceding guidelines, review the precautions for avoiding overtemperature conditions in the section Equipment-Rack Ventilation in this chapter.

Caution Never install the router in an enclosed rack that is not properly ventilated or air-conditioned.

Site Environment

The router operates as a standalone system placed on a table or as a rack-mounted system in a data processing or lab environment. Because the noise level of the chassis blower is approximately 60 dBa, it is best suited for unattended or computer room use.

The router requires a dry, clean, well-ventilated, and air-conditioned environment. An internal blower pulls cooling air through the chassis from the front (intake) to the rear (exhaust). The flow of ambient air must be maintained to ensure normal operation. If the airflow is blocked or restricted, or if the intake air is too warm, an overtemperature condition can occur. Under extreme conditions, the environmental monitor will shut down the system to protect the system components. To assure normal operation and avoid unnecessary maintenance, plan your site configuration and prepare your site before installation. After installation, make sure the site maintains an ambient temperature of 0-40° C (32-104° F), and keep the area around the chassis as free from dust as is practical. For a description of the environmental monitor and status levels, refer to the section "Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Functions" in the chapter "Product Overview."

If the temperature of the room air drawn into the chassis is higher than desirable, the air temperature inside the chassis may also be too high. This condition can occur when the wiring closet or rack in which the chassis is mounted is not ventilated properly, when the exhaust of one device is placed so it enters the air intake vent of the chassis, or when the chassis is the top unit in an unventilated rack. Any of these conditions can inhibit airflow and create an overtemperature condition.

Multiple routers can be rack-mounted with little or no clearance above and below the chassis. However, when mounting a router in a rack with other equipment, or when placing it on the floor with other equipment located close by, ensure that the exhaust from other equipment does not blow into the intake vent (lower front panel) of the chassis.

Table 2-12 lists the operating and nonoperating environmental site requirements. To maintain normal operation and ensure high system availability, maintain an ambient temperature and clean power at your site. The following ranges are those within which the router will continue to operate; however, a measurement that is approaching the minimum or maximum of a range indicates a potential problem. You can maintain normal operation by anticipating and correcting environmental anomalies before they exceed the maximum operating range.

• Operating temperature range: 32 to 104° F (0 to 40° C).

• Operating humidity range: 10 to 90%, noncondensing.

• Airflow: Cooling air is drawn in through the bottom front panel of the chassis. Keep the front panel clear of obstructions, including dust, and away from the exhaust ports of other equipment. Keep the air filter clean.

Caution Keep the air filter clean to maintain normal airflow through the system.

Preventive Site Configuration: Maintaining Normal Operation

Planning a proper location for the router and the layout of your equipment rack or wiring closet are essential for successful system operation. Equipment placed too close together or inadequately ventilated can cause system overtemperature conditions. In addition, chassis panels made inaccessible by poor equipment placement can make system maintenance difficult. Following are precautions that can help avoid problems during installation and ongoing operation.

General Precautions

Follow these general precautions when planning your equipment locations and connections:

• Use the show environment command regularly to check the internal system status. The environmental monitor continuously checks the interior chassis environment and provides warnings for high temperature and maximum and minimum voltage, and reports on occurrences. If warning messages are displayed, take immediate action to identify the cause and correct the problem. (Refer to the section "Environmental Reports" in the chapter "Product Overview."

• Keep the front of the chassis free from obstructions and away from the exhaust air of other equipment. Remember that electrical equipment generates heat, and ambient room temperature alone may not be adequate to cool equipment to acceptable operating temperatures.

• Keep the air filter clean. Do not place the router directly on the floor or in any area that tends to collect dust.

• Follow ESD prevention procedures to avoid damage to equipment. Damage from static discharge can cause immediate or intermittent equipment failure.

• Ensure that the chassis panels, interface processors, and any interface processor slot fillers are in place and secure. The blower directs cooling air across the interface processors and forces it out between the interface processor faceplates; a loose panel allows too much air to escape and can redirect the airflow away from active interface processors.

Equipment-Rack Ventilation

If you plan to install the router in an equipment rack, follow these precautions for avoiding overtemperature conditions in addition to the guidelines that are provided in the section "Equipment Racks" in this chapter:

• Install the chassis only in an enclosed rack that has adequate ventilation or an exhaust fan; use an open rack whenever possible.

• A ventilation system that is too powerful in a closed rack may also prevent cooling by creating negative pressure around the chassis and redirecting the air away from the chassis intake vent. If necessary, operate the chassis with the rack open.

• The correct use of baffles inside the enclosed rack can assist in cooling the chassis.

• Equipment near the bottom of a rack may generate excessive heat that is drawn upward and into the intake ports of equipment above, leading to overtemperature conditions in the chassis at or near the top of the rack.

For a functional description of the environmental monitor and the status levels, refer to the section "Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Functions" in the chapter "Product Overview."

Power

Follow these precautions when planning power connections to the router.

• Check the power at your site before installation and periodically after installation to ensure that you are receiving clean power. Install a power conditioner if necessary.

• Install proper grounding to avoid damage from lightning and power surges.

• Connect redundant power supplies to separate input power lines whenever possible. Install a second source for redundant power if a separate line is not already in place.

Preparing Network Connections

When preparing your site for network connections to the router, you must consider a number of factors related to each type of interface, such as the type of cabling required for each type (fiber, thick or thin coaxial, or twisted-pair cabling), distance limitations for each signal type, the specific cables you need to connect each interface, and any additional interface equipment you need, such as transceivers, modems, channel service units (CSUs), or data service units (DSUs). Before installing the router, have all additional external equipment and cables on hand. If you intend to build your own cables, refer to the cable pinouts in the appendix "Cabling Specifications." For ordering information, contact a customer service representative.

Additional and Optional Connection Equipment

You may need some of the following data communications equipment to complete your installation.

• To install and configure the router, you need a terminal with an EIA/TIA-232 DTE port and an EIA/TIA-232 DCE console cable with DB-25 plugs at both ends. You can detach the terminal (and cable) after the installation and configuration procedures are complete.

• To use an IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet interface (thick-wire, thin-wire, or unshielded twisted-pair) at your installation, you need an 802.3 media attachment unit (MAU) and an attachment unit interface (AUI), or an Ethernet transceiver and transceiver cable. The AUI or transceiver cable will need an AUI 15-pin plug to connect to the 15-pin AUI receptacle on the EIP. Some interface equipment may use cables with screw-type locks rather than the slide-type locks that are standard on the EIP. A kit for replacing the slide-type locks with screw-type locks is shipped with the EIP.

• For IEEE 802.3u Fast Ethernet (100BaseT) connections to the FEIP, you need Category 5, UTP cable for RJ-45 connections or Media Independent Interface (MII) cables for MII connections. For more detailed Fast Ethernet cable requirements, refer to the section "Fast Ethernet Connection Equipment" in this chapter

Caution Before you attach an MII transceiver to an MII receptacle on your FEIP, ensure that your MII transceiver responds to physical sublayer (PHY) address 0 per section 22.2.4.4. "PHY Address" of the IEEE 802.3u specification; otherwise, interface problems might result. Confirm that this capability is available on your MII transceiver with the transceiver's vendor or in the transceiver's documentation. If a selection for "Isolation Mode" is available, we recommend you use this setting (if no mention is made of "PHY addressing").

• To connect a 4- or 16-Mbps Token Ring interface, you need an 802.5 MAU and a Token Ring adapter cable.

• To use the optical bypass feature available with multimode/multimode FDDI interfaces, you need an optical bypass switch. A DIN-to-mini-DIN control cable (CAB-FMDD) for connecting the switch is included with the multimode/multimode and single-mode/single-mode FIPs.

• To use a low-speed synchronous serial interface, you need a synchronous modem or a (CSU/DSU to connect to the network. Most modems require an EIA/TIA-232 DTE connection.

• To connect serial adapter cables to remote devices that use metric hardware, replace the factory installed 4-40 thumbscrews on the cable's network-end connector with the M3 metric thumbscrews that are included with all serial port adapter cables.

• To connect a serial port to a T1 network, you need a T1 CSU/DSU that converts the High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) synchronous serial data stream into a T1 data stream with the correct framing and ones density. (The term ones density refers to the fact that some telephone systems require a minimum number of 1 bits per time unit in a data stream). Several T1 CSU/DSU devices are available as additional equipment and most provide either a V.35, EIA/TIA-449, or EIA-530 electrical interface to the system.

AIP Interface Types

All AIP ATM interfaces are full-duplex. You must use the appropriate ATM interface cable to connect the AIP with an external ATM network.

The AIP provides an interface to ATM switching fabrics for transmitting and receiving data at rates of up to 155 Mbps bidirectionally; the actual rate is determined by the physical layer interface module (PLIM). The AIP can support PLIMs that connect to the following physical layers:

• TAXI 4B/5B 100 Mbps multimode fiber optic

• SONET/SDH 155 Mbps multimode fiber optic—STS-3C or STM-1

• SONET/SDH 155 Mbps single-mode fiber optic—STS-3C or STM-1

• E3 34 Mbps coaxial cable

• DS3 45 Mbps (± 20 parts per million [ppm]) coaxial cable

The E3 and DS3 PLIMs both require cable CAB-ATM-DS3/E3. The E3 PLIM connection requires an EMI filter clip (CLIP-E3-EMI) on the receive port (RCVR).

For TAXI 4B/5B traffic over multimode fiber, use the multimode MIC interface cable to connect the AIP with the external ATM switch. (See Figure 2-4.)

Figure 2-4: Multimode Network Interface Connector (MIC Type)

For SONET/SDH multimode connections, use one multimode duplex SC connector (see Figure 2-5) or two single SC connectors. (See Figure 2-6.)

Figure 2-5: Duplex SC Connector

Simplex SC Connector

For SONET/SDH single-mode connections, use the single-mode (ST2) connector (bayonet-style twist-lock). (See Figure 2-7.)

Figure 2-7: ST2 Connector

Warning Invisible laser radiation can be emitted from the aperture ports of the single-mode ATM products when no fiber-optic cable is connected. Avoid exposure and do not stare into open apertures. This product meets the Class 1 Laser Emission Requirement from CDRH FDDI.

For E3 and DS3 connections, use the 75 ohm, RG-59, coaxial cable, CAB-ATM-DS3/E3, which has bayonet-style, twist-lock (BNC) connectors and ferrite beads. (See Figure 2-8.) The E3 and DS3 PLIMs both require cable CAB-ATM-DS3/E3.

Figure 2-8: CAB-ATM-DS3/E3 Cable—RG-59 Coaxial Cable with BNC Connectors

Caution To ensure compliance with EMI standards, the E3 PLIM connection requires an EMI filter clip (CLIP-E3-EMI) on the receive port (RCVR); the DS3 PLIM connection does not require this clip.

For multimode connections, connect the multimode interface cable to the media interface cable (MIC) connector. (See Figure 2-9.)

Figure 2-9: MIC Connector on a 4B/5B PLIM

For multimode SONET connections, connect the multimode cable to the SC connector on the PLIM. (See Figure 2-10.)

Figure 2-10: SONET Multimode SC Duplex PLIM

The SONET multimode SC-duplex connector is shipped with a dust plug. (See Figure 2-11.) Remove the plug by pulling on the plug as you squeeze the sides of the connector.

Figure 2-11: SONET ATM Multimode Fiber-Optic Transceiver and Dust Plug

For single-mode SONET connections, connect the single-mode cable to the ST connector on the SONET PLIM. (See Figure 2-12.)

Figure 2-12: SONET Single-Mode PLIM

For E3 and DS3 connections, connect the coaxial cable to the BNC connector on the E3 or DS3 PLIM. (See Figure 2-13.) The E3 and DS3 PLIMs require cable CAB-ATM-DS3/E3. Ensure that the transmit and receive portions of the cable are connected to the appropriate PLIM connector. The E3 PLIM connection requires an EMI filter clip (CLIP-E3-EMI) on the receive port (RCVR). Refer to the chapter "Installing the Router."

Figure 2-13: E3 and DS3 PLIM

Caution To ensure compliance with EMI standards, the E3 PLIM connection requires an EMI filter clip (CLIP-E3-EMI) on the receive port (RCVR); the DS3 PLIM connection does not require this clip.

Channel Attachment Connection Equipment

The two CIP adapters—the ESCON Channel Adapter (ECA) and the bus and tag Parallel Channel Adapter (PCA)—are available as FRUs; however, they are field replacable by Cisco-certified field service personnel only. For more information on the ECA, PCA, and CIP cables and installation, refer to the configuration note Channel Interface Processor (CIP) Installation and Configuration (document number 78-1342-xx, where xx is the latest version of the document).

Ethernet Connection Equipment

You will need an IEEE 802.3 MAU and an AUI, or an Ethernet transceiver and transceiver cable between each EIP port and the Ethernet network. The Ethernet connectors on the EIP are standard 15-pin AUI receptacles that require an AUI or transceiver interface cable with a 15-pin AUI plug. (See Figure 2-14.)

Figure 2-14: Ethernet Interface Cable Connectors

Transceivers are available from a variety of sources for thick-wire (10Base5), thin-wire (10Base2), or unshielded twisted-pair cabling (10BaseT at 10 Mbps); Figure 2-15 shows examples of transceivers and connection equipment. You can connect either Ethernet Version 1 or Version 2/IEEE 802.3 interfaces; the EIP automatically supports both types.

Some 10BaseT transceivers can connect directly to the AUI port on the EIP. When planning your connections, consider the types and locations of connectors on adjacent interface processors to avoid having the transceiver overlap and impair access to other connections.

Typically, Ethernet connectors have either slide-type or jackscrew-type locks. (See Figure 2-16.) The most common are those which use a slide-type lock, which is the type used on the EIP ports. The connector on the left in Figure 2-16 shows a slide-type lock. When the cable is connected to the 15-pin port, you snap a metal bracket up over two posts on the cable connector to secure it in the port and provide strain relief.

The jackscrew-type lock, shown on the right in Figure 2-16, uses two thumbscrews or jackscrews, which are usually attached to the cable connector instead of the posts and sliding bracket. When the cable is connected to the 15-pin port, you secure it by screwing the thumbscrews into the jackscrews adjacent to the connector. The slide-type locks are standard on the EIP ports; however, conversion kits are included with each EIP to replace the slide-type locks on ports you will connect to interface equipment that uses the screw-type locks. For specific replacement instructions, refer to the installation document that accompanies the jackscrew kit.

Ethernet Connector Locks, Slide-Type and Jackscrew-Type

Fast Ethernet Connection Equipment

The two connectors on the FEIP port adapter are a single MII, 40-pin, D-shell type, and a single RJ-45. You can use either one or the other. Only one connector can be used at one time. The FEIP can have up to two port adapters installed. Each connection supports IEEE 802.3u interfaces compliant with the 100BaseX and 100BaseT standards. The RJ-45 connection does not require an external transceiver; however, the MII connection does depending on the type of connection you use.

The RJ-45 modular connector (see Figure 2-17) has strain relief functionality incorporated into the design of its standard plastic connector. Figure 2-17 and Figure 2-18 show the RJ-45 and MII connectors.

Figure 2-17: RJ-45 Connections—Connector and Plug

Depending on the type of media you use between the MII connection on the port adapter and your switch or hub, the network side of your 100BaseT transceiver should be appropriately equipped: with ST-type connectors (for optical fiber), BNC connectors (for 10Base2 coaxial cable), and so forth. Figure 2-18 shows the pin orientation of the female MII connector on the port adapter.

Figure 2-18: MII Connection—Female

The MII receptacle uses 2-56 screw-type locks, called jackscrews (shown in Figure 2-18), to secure the cable or transceiver to the MII port. MII cables and transceivers have knurled thumbscrews (screws you can tighten with your fingers) that you fasten to the jackscrews on the FEIP MII connector. Use the jackscrews that are appropriate for your MII cable.

Token Ring Connection Equipment

You will need an 802.5 MAU and Token Ring adapter cable between each TRIP port and the network ring. The Token Ring connectors on the TRIP are DB-9 (PC type) receptacles that require an interface cable with a 9-pin DB-9 plug at the TRIP end and a MAU connector at the network end. Both connectors are shown in Figure 2-19.

Figure 2-19: Token Ring Network Interface Connectors, DB-9 and MAU Types

Token Ring Physical Connections

The term Token Ring refers to both IBM's Token Ring Network, which IBM developed in the 1970s, and to IEEE 802.5 networks. The IEEE 802.5 specification was modeled after, and still closely shadows, IBM's network. The two types are compatible, although the specifications differ slightly.

The IBM Token Ring specifies a star topology, with all end stations connected through a device called a multistation access unit (MSAU). IEEE 802.5 does not specify any topology, although most implementations are based on a star configuration with end stations attached to a device called a media access unit (MAU). Also, IBM Token Ring specifies twisted pair cabling, whereas IEEE 802.5 does not specify media type. Most Token Ring networks use shielded twisted pair cabling; however, some networks that operate at 4 Mbps use unshielded twisted pair cable. Table 2-13 shows a comparison of the two types.

In the typical Token Ring network shown in Figure 2-20, lobe cables connect each Token Ring station (TRIP port) to the MSAU (or MAU), and patch cables connect adjacent MSAUs (or MAUs) to form one large ring.

Token Ring Network Physical Connections

Early token release allows a station to release a new token onto the ring immediately after transmitting, instead of waiting for the first frame to return. This feature can help increase the total bandwidth on the ring, but decreases ring reliability. The TRIP supports early token release, but by default it is not enabled on any TRIP ports.

Token Ring Fault Management

Token Ring networks employ several mechanisms for detecting and compensating for network faults. For example, one station in the Token Ring network is designated as the active monitor. This station, which potentially can be any station on the network, acts as a centralized source of timing information for other ring stations and performs a variety of ring maintenance functions. These functions include detecting and correcting a lost or persistent busy (continuously circulating) token on the ring.

A Token Ring algorithm called beaconing detects and tries to repair certain network faults. Whenever a station detects a serious problem with the network (such as a cable break), it sends a beacon frame. The beacon frame defines a failure domain, which includes the station reporting the failure, its nearest active upstream neighbor, and everything in between. Beaconing initiates a process called autoreconfiguration, where nodes within the failure domain automatically perform diagnostics and attempt to reconfigure the network around the failed areas. Physically, the MSAU or MAU can accomplish this through electrical reconfiguration.

All TRIP ports support both 4 and 16-Mbps operation and early token release. The default for all ports is for 4 Mbps operation and early token release disabled. Both states are enabled with configuration commands in the configuration mode. To enable 16 Mbps, specify the slot/port address and use the configuration command ring-speed 16; to return to 4-Mbps operation, use the command ring-speed 4. To enable and disable early token release, specify the slot/port address and use the configuration command [no] early token release. For examples of these commands, refer to the section "Token Ring Connection Equipment" in the chapter "Preparing for Installation." For complete descriptions and examples of software commands, refer to the related software configuration and command reference documentation.

FDDI Connection Equipment

Fiber-optic transceivers on the FIP provide a direct interface between the router and the Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) ring. The FIP supports both single-mode and multimode transceivers and is available with any combination of the two types. Both transceiver types provide a Class A dual attachment interface that can be connected to a Class A or a Class B station. Class A is a dual attachment station (DAS) with primary and secondary rings; Class B is a single attachment station (SAS) with only a primary ring. A detailed description of Class A and B and of DASs and SASs follows the descriptions of FDDI connection equipment.

FDDI Media

FDDI networks use two types of fiber-optic cable: single-mode (also called monomode) and multimode. Mode refers to the angle at which light rays (signals) are reflected and propagated through the optical fiber core, which acts as a waveguide for the light signals. Multimode fiber has a relatively thick core (62.5/125-micron) that reflects light rays at many angles. Single-mode fiber has a narrow core (8.7 to 10/125-micron) that allows the light to enter only at a single angle.

Although multimode fiber allows more light signals to enter at a greater variety of angles (modes), the different angles create multiple propagation paths that cause the signals to spread out in time and limits the rate at which data can be accurately received. This distortion does not occur on the single path of the single-mode signal; therefore, single-mode fiber is capable of higher bandwidth and greater cable run distances than multimode fiber. In addition, multimode transmitters usually use LEDs as a light source, and single-mode transmitters use a laser diode, which is capable of sustaining faster data rates. Both types use a photodiode detector at the receiver to translate the light signal into electrical signals.

FDDI Transceivers and Cable Connectors

The FIP single-mode interface uses simplex FC-type connectors for the Transmit and Receive ports. (See Figure 2-21.) The connector accepts standard 8.7 to 10/125-micron single-mode fiber-optic cable. The single-mode interface supports connections at distances up to 6 miles (10 kilometers).

The multimode transceiver supports distances of up to 1.2 miles (1.9 kilometers). The multimode connector is an FDDI-standard physical sublayer (PHY) connector that encodes and decodes the data into a format acceptable for fiber transmission. The multimode connector accepts standard 62.5/125-micron multimode fiber-optic cable using the media interface cable (MIC) and, with proper cable terminators, can accept 50/125 micron fiber-optic cable. Multimode uses the integrated MIC connector shown in Figure 2-22 at both the FIP and network ends.

The multimode/multimode FIP (Cx-FIP-MM) provides a control port for an optical bypass switch, which allows the light signal to pass directly through the bypass switch and completely bypass the FIP transceivers when the interface has failed or is shut down. Most optical bypass switches provide the necessary interface cables for connection to the multimode MIC connectors on the FIP; however, not all manufacturers use the same type of DIN connector for the control port. Some manufacturers use a DIN, and some use a smaller version, a mini-DIN. The optical bypass control port on the FIP requires a mini-DIN connector. A DIN-to-mini-DIN adapter cable (CAB-FMDD) is included with the multimode/multimode and single-mode/single-mode FIPs to ensure that you can connect to either type.

FDDI Station Descriptions

Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), which specifies a 100-Mbps, token-passing dual-ring network using fiber-optic transmission media, is defined by the ANSI X3.1 standard and by ISO 9314, the international version of the ANSI standard. An FDDI network comprises two token-passing fiber-optic rings: a primary ring and a secondary ring.

An FDDI ring consists of two or more point-to-point connections between adjacent stations. On most networks, the primary ring is used for data communication, and the secondary ring is used as a backup. Class B, or single attachment stations (SAS), attach to one ring and are typically attached through a concentrator; Class A, or dual attachment stations (DAS), attach to both rings. Figure 2-23 shows a typical FDDI configuration with both DAS and SASs.

SASs (Class B) typically attach to the primary ring through a concentrator, which provides connections for multiple SASs. The concentrator ensures that a failure or power-down of any SAS does not interrupt the ring. SASs use one transmit port and one receive port to attach to the single ring. DASs (Class A) have two physical ports, designated PHY A and PHY B, each of which connects the station to both the primary and secondary rings. Each port is a receiver for one ring and a transmitter for the other. For example, PHY A receives traffic from the primary ring, and PHY B transmits to the primary ring.

The dual rings in an FDDI network provide fault tolerance. If a station on a dual ring shuts down or fails, such as Station 3 in Figure 2-24, the ring automatically wraps (doubles back on itself) to form a single contiguous ring. This removes the failed station from the ring, but allows the other stations to continue operation. In Figure 2-24, the ring wraps to eliminate Station 3 and forms a smaller ring that includes only Stations 1, 2, and 4.

A second failure could cause the ring to wrap in both directions from the point of failure, which would segment the ring into two separate rings that could not communicate with each other. For example, if Station 1 in Figure 2-24 fails after Station 3 fails, Stations 2 and 4 will each be isolated because no path for communication exists between them. Subsequent failures cause additional segmentation.

Optical bypass switches avoid segmentation by eliminating failed stations from the ring. During normal operation, an optical bypass switch allows the light signal to pass directly through itself uninterrupted. When a station with a bypass switch fails, the bypass switch reroutes the signal back onto the ring before it reaches the failed station, so the ring does not have to wrap back on itself.

Figure 2-25 shows an optical bypass switch installed at Station 1. In the normal configuration shown on the left of the figure, Station 1 is functioning normally, so the optical bypass switch appears transparent. The switch essentially allows the signals to pass through it without interruption. However, if Station 1 fails, the optical bypass switch enables the bypassed configuration shown on the right of Figure 2-25.

Another technique for fault tolerance is dual homing, whereby critical devices are attached to two concentrators. Only the designated primary concentrator is active unless it (or its link) fails. If the primary does fail, the backup (passive) concentrator is activated automatically and sustains the ring.

MultiChannel (MIP) Connection Equipment

The MIP T1 interface cable has two 15-pin DB connectors at each end to connect the MIP with the external T1 CSU. Figure 2-26 shows the MIP interface cable, connectors and pin-outs.

For E1, four serial cables are available from Cisco Systems for use with the MIP. All three have DB-15 connectors on the MIP end and either BNC, DB-15, Twinax, or RJ-45 connectors on the network end. Figure 2-27, Figure 2-28, Figure 2-29, and Figure 2-30 show the E1 interface cables (respectively).

Serial Connection Equipment

The FSIP supports synchronous serial connections at speeds of up to 8 Mbps (16 Mbps aggregate on an eight-port FSIP); the speed depends on the type of electrical interface used. Use EIA/TIA-232 for speeds of 64 kbps and below, and use X.21, EIA/TIA-449, V.35, or EIA-530 for higher speeds. All FSIP ports use an identical 60-pin, D-shell receptacle.

Universal Serial Cables

Each serial port requires a serial port adapter cable that provides the network connection and defines the electrical interface type and mode of that port. All adapter cables use a 60-pin D-shell plug at the router (FSIP) end. The network end of each cable provides the standard connector used with each respective interface type. (See Figure 2-31.) Cables are available for all interfaces except EIA-530 in DTE mode with a plug at the network end, or in DCE mode with a receptacle at the network end. The mode, DCE or DTE, is labeled on the connectors at both ends of the cables. Metric (M3) thumbscrews are included with each port adapter cable to allow connection to devices that use metric hardware.

Following are the available interface cable options for the mode and network-end connectors for each:

• EIA/TIA-232: DTE mode with DB-25 plug; DCE mode with DB-25 receptacle

• EIA/TIA-449: DTE mode with 37-pin D-shell plug; DCE mode with 37-pin D-shell receptacle

• V.35: DTE mode or DCE mode with 34-pin Winchester-type V.35 plug; DTE mode or DCE mode with 34-pin Winchester-type V.35 receptacle

• X.21: DTE mode with DB-15 plug; DCE mode with DB-15 receptacle

• EIA-530: DTE mode with DB-25 plug

E1-G.703/G.704 Cables

Figure 2-32, Figure 2-33, and Figure 2-34 show the unbalanced and balanced cables used for connection between the E1-G.703/G.704 port adapter and your network. The port-adapter end of each cable has a DB-15 connector.

Caution It is a requirement of the statutory approval of the E1-G.703/G.704 interface that the jackscrews on the DB-15 connector backshell are securely screwed down while the FSIP is operating.

NRZ and NRZI Formats

All interfaces support both nonreturn to zero (NRZ) and nonreturn to zero inverted (NRZI) formats. Both formats use two different voltage levels for transmission. NRZ signals maintain constant voltage levels with no signal transitions (no return to a zero voltage level) during a bit interval and are decoded using absolute values (0 and 1). NRZI uses the same constant signal levels but interprets the presence of data at the beginning of a bit interval as a signal transition and the absence of data as no transition. NRZI uses differential encoding to decode signals, rather than determining absolute values. NRZ, the factory default on all interface types, is most common. All interface types also support NRZI format, which is commonly used with EIA/TIA-232 connections in IBM environments. (See the section "Configuring NRZI Format" in the chapter "Maintenance" for configuration instructions.)

Cyclic Redundancy Checks (CRCs)

All interfaces (except the E1-G.703/G.704) use a 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) by default but also support a 32-bit CRC. (The E1-G.703/G.704 interface uses a 4-bit CRC).

The designators 16 and 32 indicate the number of check digits per frame that are used to calculate the FCS. CRC-16, which transmits streams of 8-bit characters, generates a 16-bit FCS. CRC-32, which transmits streams of 16-bit characters, generates a 32-bit FCS. CRC-32 transmits longer streams at faster rates, and therefore provides better ongoing error correction with less retransmits. Both the sender and the receiver must use the same setting. (See the section "Configuring 32-Bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)" in the chapter "Maintenance" for configuration instructions.)

Signal Modes and Timing

DCE is the default mode for all serial ports. You normally use DCE when connecting the router to a DTE device such as a PC, host, or another router. DCE mode requires an internal clock signal. To set up a port as a DCE interface, you must use a DCE adapter cable and use the clockrate configuration command to set the internal clock speed.

DTE is the most commonly used mode. You normally use DTE when connecting the router to a DCE device such as a modem or CSU/DSU. Most DTE interfaces require an external clock signal, which the remote DCE device provides. Although DCE is the default mode, you do not need to specify the mode of the port when configuring DTE interfaces. When the port recognizes the DTE interface cable, it automatically uses the clock signal from the remote DCE device.

Occasionally, systems with long cables may experience high error rates when operating at the higher transmission speeds. Slight variances in cable construction, temperature, and other factors can cause the clock and data signals to shift out of phase. Inverting the clock can often correct this shift. If an FSIP port is reporting a high number of error packets, suspect a phase shift and invert the clock with the invert-transmit-clock command.

For brief descriptions of the clockrate and invert-transmit-clock commands, refer to the section "Configuring Timing (Clock) Signals" in the chapter "Maintenance." For complete command descriptions and instructions, refer to the related software configuration and command reference documentation on UniverCD or in the printed manuals.

All serial signals are subject to distance limits, beyond which a signal degrades significantly or is completely lost. For specific cabling distance limitations refer to the section "Distance Limitations" earlier in this chapter. The distance and rate limits in these descriptions are the IEEE-recommended maximum speeds and distances for signaling; however, you can usually get good results at speeds and distances far greater than these. For instance, the recommended maximum rate for V.35 is 2 Mbps, but 4 Mbps is commonly used without any problems. If you understand the electrical problems that might arise and can compensate for them, you should get good results with rates and distances greater than those shown here. However, do so at your own risk. We do not recommend that you exceed published data rates and transmission distances.

EIA/TIA-232 Connections

By far the most common interface standard in the U.S., EIA/TIA-232, supports unbalanced circuits at signal speeds up to 64 kbps. The router (FSIP) end of all EIA/TIA-232 adapter cables is a high-density 60-pin plug. The opposite (network) end of the adapter cable is a standard 25-pin D-shell connector (known as a DB-25) that is commonly used for EIA/TIA-232 connections. Figure 2-35 shows the connectors at the network end of the adapter cable. The system console and auxiliary ports on the RP also use EIA/TIA-232 connections; however, the FSIP ports support synchronous connections, and the console and auxiliary ports support only asynchronous connections. For further information on the RP ports, refer to the section "Console and Auxiliary Port Connection Equipment" later in this chapter.

EIA/TIA-449 Connections

EIA/TIA-449, which supports balanced (RS-422) and unbalanced (RS-423) transmissions, is a faster (up to 2 Mbps) version of EIA/TIA-232 that provides more functions and supports transmissions over greater distances. The EIA/TIA-449 standard was intended to replace EIA/TIA-232, but it was not widely adopted. Industry's resistance to convert to EIA/TIA-449 was due primarily to the large installed base of DB-25 hardware and to the larger size of the 37-pin EIA/TIA-449 connectors, which limited the number of connections possible (fewer than possible with the smaller, 25-pin EIA/TIA-232 connector). The FSIP end of all EIA/TIA-449 adapter cables is a high-density 60-pin plug. The network end of the adapter cable provides a standard 37-pin D-shell connector commonly used for EIA/TIA-449 connections. Figure 2-36 shows the connectors at the network end of the adapter cable. EIA/TIA-449 cables are available as either DTE (DB-37 plug) or DCE (DB-37 receptacle).

V.35 Connections

The V.35 interface is most commonly used in the United States and throughout Europe, and is recommended for speeds up to 48 kbps (although in practice it is used successfully at 4 Mbps).

Figure 2-37 shows the connectors at the network end of theV.35 adapter cable. V.35 cables are available with a standard V.35 plug (male) for DTE mode or a V.35 receptacle (female) for DCE mode.

X.21 Connections

The X.21 interface uses a 15-pin connection for balanced circuits and is commonly used in the United Kingdom to connect public data networks. X.21 relocates some of the logic functions to the DTE and DCE interfaces and, as a result, requires fewer circuits and a smaller connector than EIA/TIA-232.

The router (FSIP) end of all X.21 adapter cables is a high-density 60-pin plug. The opposite (network) end of the adapter cable is a standard DB-15 connector. Figure 2-38 shows the connectors at the network end of the X.21 adapter cable. X.21 cables are available as either DTE (DB-15 plug) or DCE (DB-15 receptacle).

EIA-530 Connections

EIA-530, which supports balanced transmission, provides the increased functionality, speed, and distance of EIA/TIA-449 on the smaller, DB-25 connector used for EIA/TIA-232. The EIA-530 standard was created to support the more sophisticated circuitry of EIA/TIA-449 on the masses of existing EIA/TIA-232 (DB-25) hardware instead of the larger, 37-pin connectors used for EIA/TIA-449. Like EIA/TIA-449, EIA-530 refers to the electrical specifications of RS-422 and RS-423. Although the specification recommends a maximum speed of 2 Mbps, EIA-530 is used successfully at 4 Mbps and at even faster speeds over short distances. EIA-530 is used primarily in the United States.

The EIA-530 adapter cable is available in DTE mode only. The router (FSIP) end of the EIA-530 adapter cable is a high-density 60-pin plug. The opposite (network) end of the adapter cable is a standard DB-25 plug commonly used for EIA/TIA-232 connections. Figure 2-39 shows the DB-25 connector at the network end of the adapter cable.

HSSI Connection Equipment

You will need a T3, E3, or SONET STS-1 DSU and HSSI interface cable to connect the HIP with the external network. The HIP HSSI interface port is a 50-pin SCSI-II-type receptacle. The HSSI interface cable comprises 25 twisted pairs and a 50-pin plug at each end; Figure 2-40 shows the connector that is at both ends of the cable. Although the HSSI cable is similar to a SCSI-II cable, it is not identical; you cannot substitute a SCSI-II cable for a HSSI interface cable. (See the following Caution.)

Figure 2-40: HSSI Interface Cable Connector

Caution Although the HIP connector and the HSSI interface cable are similar to SCSI-II format, the HSSI cable specification is more stringent than that for a SCSI-II. We cannot guarantee proper operation if a SCSI-II cable is used instead of a HSSI interface cable.

A null modem cable (CAB-HNUL) allows you to connect two routers directly back to back between an available HSSI port on each. This setup allows you to verify the operation of the HSSI port or to directly link the routers in order to build a larger node. The two routers must be in the same location, and can be two Cisco 7000s, two AGS+ routers, or one of each. Also, you must enable the internal clock on both routers with a software command. The null modem cable uses the same 50-pin connectors as the HSSI interface cable, but the signals are wired differently. For instructions for connecting a null modem cable refer to the section "HSSI Connections" in the chapter "Installing the Router." The appendix "Cabling Specifications" lists the cable pinouts.

Console and Auxiliary Port Connection Equipment

The RP (and RSP7000) contain two EIA/TIA-232 ports: a DCE-mode console port (DB-25 receptacle) and a DTE-mode auxiliary port (DB-25 plug). These are asynchronous ports (unlike the synchronous FSIP serial ports), so be sure that any devices you connect to these ports are asynchronous. Synchronous transmission uses precise timing to synchronize transmissions between the transmitter and receiver, and maintains separate clock and data signals. Asynchronous transmission uses control bits to indicate the beginning and end of characters instead of a precise clock signal.

You need a console terminal to configure the interfaces and bring the system online. You also need an EIA/TIA-232 DCE console cable to connect the terminal to the console port on the RP (or RSP7000). After you establish normal operation, you can disconnect the terminal. Both ends of the console cable should be EIA/TIA-232 plugs to enable you to connect to the RP (or RSP7000) DCE console port DB-25 receptacle and to the DB-25 receptacles used on the DTE ports on most terminals.

Before you connect a terminal to the console port, configure the terminal to match the router console port as follows: 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 2 stop bits (9600 8N2).

The auxiliary port is a DTE DB-25 plug that you can use to connect an asynchronous modem, another router, a CSU/DSU, or other DCE equipment. You also must supply your own interface cable between the auxiliary port and the equipment you are connecting. For console and auxiliary port pinouts, refer to the appendix "Cabling Specifications."

Tools for Installation

Following are the tools and equipment you will need to install the chassis and the optional rack-mount kit:

• Number 1 and number 2 Phillips screwdrivers to tighten the captive installation screws on most systems.

• 1/4-inch flat-blade screwdriver for the captive installation screw on some power supplies and for the chassis feet (you can also use a 7/16 open-end wrench for the chassis foot).

• 3/16-inch flat-blade screwdriver for the captive installation screws on the RP, SSP (or SP), and interface processors in some systems.

• Antistatic mat or antistatic foam in case you need to remove interface processors to troubleshoot the installation.

• Your own ESD grounding strap or the disposable ESD strap included with the system.

• If you are installing the chassis in a rack, you will also need the following:

  • Rack-mount kit (the kit is shipped with the chassis in the same shipping container)

  • Phillips screwdrivers: number 1 and number 2

  • Flat-blade screwdrivers: 3/16-inch and 1/4-inch

  • 10-mm nut driver

  • 7/16-inch open-end wrench or an adjustable wrench

  • Tape measure and level (if needed)

Installation Checklist

Use the Installation Checklist in to assist you with your installation and to provide a historical record of what was done, by whom, and when. Make a copy of this checklist and indicate when each procedure or verification is completed. When the checklist is completed, place it in your Site Log (described at the end of this chapter) along with the other records for your new router.

Checking the Contents

Following is the procedure for checking the contents of the shipping container. Use the Installation Checklist in Table 2-14, the Component List in Table 2-14, and the record of your order to ensure that you received all the components you ordered.

Step 2   Check the contents of the second accessories box against the Installation Checklist and the packing slip and verify that you received all listed equipment, which should include the following:

• One modular power supply cord for each power supply ordered

• Router hardware and software documentation, if ordered

• Serial port adapter cables if your system has serial ports

• Optional equipment that you ordered, such as network interface cables, transceivers, or special connectors.

Step 3   Check the interface processors in each slot. Ensure that the configuration matches the packing list and that all of the interfaces are included.

Step 4   Complete the Port Configuration Worksheet shown in Figure 2-41. Check the interface processors in the rear of the chassis, and record the interface type for each populated interface address. You may need to refer to this worksheet during installation.

Step 5   Proceed to the section "Site Log," then to the chapter "Installing the Router" to begin installation.

System Components

Table 2-14 lists all of the standard components that are included with the router and the optional equipment available. Check each item on the Component List as you unpack and verify it. Insert the completed checklist into the Site Log, which is described in the following sections.

Site Log

A site log provides a historical record of all actions relevant to the router operation and maintenance. Keep your site log in a common place near the chassis where anyone who performs tasks has access to it. Site Log entries might include the following:

• Installation progress—Make a copy of the Installation Checklist and insert it into the Site Log. Make entries on the Installation Checklist as each procedure is completed.

• Upgrades and removal/replacement procedures—Use the Site Log as a record of system maintenance and expansion history. Each time a procedure is performed on the system, update the Site Log to reflect the following:

  • Additional interface processors installed.

  • Additional power supply installed for redundant power.

  • Interface processors removed or replaced.

  • Power supply removed or replaced.

  • Configuration changed (moving interface processors or moving network interface cables between ports).

  • Software or microcode (firmware) upgraded—Insert any documentation that accompanies upgrades, spares, or new components, such as installation procedures, in the Site Log when you complete the procedure.

  • Maintenance schedules and requirements.

  • Corrective maintenance procedures performed.

  • Intermittent problems.

  • Related comments.

Figure 2-42 shows a sample Site Log page. Make copies of the sample, or design your own Site Log to meet the needs of your site and equipment.

Port Configuration Worksheet

Site Log

for _________________________________________

Date	Description of Action Performed or Symptoms Observed	Initials

Page _______

Posted: Thu Nov 1 15:55:38 PST 2001
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