AppleTalk Commands

AppleTalk is a local-area network system that was designed and developed by Apple Computer, Inc. It can run over Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI networks, and LocalTalk, Apple's proprietary twisted-pair media access system. AppleTalk specifies a protocol stack comprising several protocols that direct the flow of traffic over the network.

Apple Computer uses the name AppleTalk to refer to the Apple networking architecture. Apple refers to the actual transmission media used in an AppleTalk network as LocalTalk (Apple's proprietary twisted-pair transmission medium for AppleTalk), TokenTalk (AppleTalk over Token Ring), EtherTalk (AppleTalk over Ethernet), and FDDITalk (AppleTalk over Fiber Distributed Data Interface).

Use the commands in this chapter to configure and monitor AppleTalk networks. For AppleTalk configuration information and examples, refer to the "Configuring AppleTalk" chapter in the Router Products Configuration Guide.

access-list additional-zones

To define the default action to take for access checks that apply to zones, use the access-list additional-zones global configuration command.

Syntax Description

Default

No access lists are predefined.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

The access-list additional-zones command defines the action to take for access checks not explicitly defined with the access-list zone command. If you do not specify this command, the default action is to deny other access.

You apply access lists defined with the access-list additional-zones command to outgoing routing updates and GZL filters (using the appletalk distribute-list out, and appletalk getzonelist-filter commands). You cannot apply them to data-packet filters (using the appletalk access-group command) or to incoming routing update filters (using the appletalk distribute-list in command).

Example

The following example creates an access list based on AppleTalk zones:

access-list 610 deny zone Twilight
access-list 610 permit additional-zones

Related Commands

access-list cable-range
access-list includes
access-list nbp
access-list network
access-list other-access
access-list other-nbps
access-list within
access-list zone
appletalk access-group
appletalk distribute-list in
appletalk distribute-list out
appletalk getzonelist-filter
appletalk permit-partial-zones

access-list cable-range

To define an AppleTalk access list for a cable range (for extended networks only), use the access-list cable-range global configuration command. To remove an access list, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No access lists are predefined.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

When used as a routing update filter, the access-list cable-range command affects matching on extended networks only. The conditions defined by this access list are used only when a cable range in a routing update exactly matches that specified in the access-list cable-range command. The conditions are never used to match a network number (for a nonextended network).

When used as a data-packet filter, the access-list cable-range command affects matching on any type of network number. The conditions defined by this access list are used only when the packet's source network lies in the range defined by the access list.

You apply access lists defined with the access-list cable-range command to data-packet and routing-update filters (using the appletalk access-group, appletalk distribute-list in, and appletalk distribute-list out). You cannot apply them to GZL filters (using the appletalk getzonelist-filter command).

To delete an access list, specify the minimum number of keywords and arguments needed to delete the proper access list. For example, to delete the entire access list, use the following command:

To delete the access list for a specific network, use the following command:

Priority queuing for AppleTalk operates on the destination network number, not the source network number.

Example

The following access list forwards all packets except those from cable range 10 to 20:

access-list 600 deny cable-range 10-20
access-list 600 permit other-access

Related Commands

A dagger (⁺) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.

access-list additional-zones
access-list includes
access-list nbp
access-list network
access-list other-access
access-list other-nbps
access-list within
access-list zone
appletalk access-group
appletalk distribute-list in
appletalk distribute-list out
appletalk getzonelist-filter
priority-list protocol ⁺

access-list includes

To define an AppleTalk access list that overlaps any part of a range of network numbers or cable ranges (for both extended and nonextended networks), use the access-list includes global configuration command. To remove an access list, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No access lists are predefined.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

When used as a routing update filter, the access-list includes command affects matching on extended and nonextended AppleTalk networks. The conditions defined by this access list are used when a cable range or network number overlaps, either partially or completely, one (or more) of those specified in the access-list includes command.

When used as a data-packet filter, the conditions defined by this access list are used when the packet's source network lies in the range defined in the access-list includes command.

You apply access lists defined with the access-list includes command to data-packet and routing-update filters (using the appletalk access-group, appletalk distribute-list in, and appletalk distribute-list out). You cannot apply them to GZL filters (using the appletalk getzonelist-filter command).

To delete an access list, specify the minimum number of keywords and arguments needed to delete the proper access list. For example, to delete the entire access list, use the following command:

To delete the access list for a specific network, use the following command:

Priority queuing for AppleTalk operates on the destination network number, not the source network number.

Example

The following example defines an access list that permits access to any network or cable range that overlaps any part of the range 10 to 20. This means, for example, that cable ranges 13 to 16 and 17 to 25 will be permitted. This access list also permits all other ranges.

access-list 600 permit includes 10-20
access-list 600 permit other-access

Related Commands

A dagger (⁺) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.

access-list additional-zones
access-list cable-range
access-list nbp
access-list network
access-list other-access
access-list other-nbps
access-list within
access-list zone
appletalk access-group
appletalk distribute-list in
appletalk distribute-list out
appletalk getzonelist-filter
priority-list protocol ⁺

access-list nbp

To define an AppleTalk access-list entry for a particular NBP named entity (object), class of NBP named entities (type), or NBP named entities belonging to a specific area (zone), use the access-list nbp global configuration command. To remove an NBP access-list entry from the access list, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No particular access-list entry for an NBP named entity is defined and the default filtering specified by the access-list other-nbps command takes effect.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

The access-list nbp command defines the action to take for filtering NBP packets from a particular type (class of named entities), object (particular named entity), or zone (AppleTalk zone in which named entities reside) superceding the default action for NBP packets from all named entities specified by the access-list other-nbps command. For each command that you enter, you must specify a sequence number. The sequence number serves two purposes. Its principal purpose is to allow you to associate two or three portions of an NBP three-part name, referred to as an NBP tuple. To do this, you enter two or three commands having the same sequence number but each specifying a different keyword and NBP name portion: type, object, or zone. The same sequence number binds them together. This provides you with the ability to restrict forwarding of NBP packets at any level, down to a single named entity.

The second purpose of the sequence number is to allow you to keep track of the number of access-list nbp entries you have made. You must enter a sequence number even if you do not use it to associate portions of an NBP name.

Examples

The following example adds entries to access-list number 607 to allow forwarding of NBP packets from specific sources and deny forwarding of NBP packets from all other sources. The first command adds an entry that allows NBP packets from all printers of type LaserWriter. The second command adds an entry that allows NBP packets from all AppleTalk file servers of type AFPServer. The third command adds an entry that allows NBP packets from all applications called HotShotPaint. For example, there might be an application with a zone name of Accounting and an application with a zone name of engineering, both having the object name of HotShotPaint. NBP packets forwarded from both applications will be allowed.

The final access-list other-nbps command denies forwarding of NBP packets from all other sources.

access-list 607 permit nbp 1 type LaserWriter
access-list 607 permit nbp 2 type AFPServer
access-list 607 permit nbp 3 object HotShotPaint
access-list 607 deny other-nbps

The following example adds entries to access-list number 608 to deny forwarding of NBP packets from two specific servers whose fully-qualified NBP names are specified. It permits forwarding of NBP packets from all other sources.

access-list 608 deny nbp 1 object ServerA
access-list 608 deny nbp 1 type AFPServer
access-list 608 deny nbp 1 zone Bld3
access-list 608 deny nbp 2 object ServerB
access-list 608 deny nbp 2 type AFPServer
access-list 608 deny nbp 2 zone Bld3
access-list 608 permit other-nbps
access-list 608 permit other-access

Related Commands

access-list additional-zones
access-list cable-range
access-list includes
access-list network
access-list other-access
access-list other-nbps
access-list within
access-list zone
appletalk access-group
appletalk distribute-list in
appletalk distribute-list out
appletalk getzonelist-filter
priority-list protocol ⁺

access-list network

To define an AppleTalk access list for a single network number (that is, for a nonextended network), use the access-list network global configuration command. To remove an access list, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No access lists are predefined.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

When used as a routing-update filter, the access-list network command affects matching on nonextended networks only. The conditions defined by this access list are used only when the a nonextended number in a routing update matches a network number specified in one of the access-list network commands. The conditions are never used to match a cable range (for an extended network) even if the cable range has the same starting and ending number.

When used as a data-packet filter, the conditions defined by this access list are used only when the packet's source network matches the network number specified in the access-list network command.

You apply access lists defined with the access-list network command to data-packet and routing-update filters (using the appletalk access-group, appletalk distribute-list in, and appletalk distribute-list out). You cannot apply them to GZL filters (using the appletalk getzonelist-filter command).

In software releases before 9.0, the syntax of this command was access-list access-list-number {deny | permit} network. The current version of the software is still able to interpret commands in this format if it finds them in a configuration or boot file. However, it is recommended that you update the commands in your configuration or boot files to match the current syntax.

Use the no access-list command with the access-list-number argument only to remove an entire access list from the configuration. Specify the optional arguments to remove a particular clause.

To delete an access list, specify the minimum number of keywords and arguments needed to delete the proper access list. For example, to delete the entire access list, use the following command:

To delete the access list for a specific network, use the following command:

Priority queuing for AppleTalk operates on the destination network number, not the source network number.

Example

The following example defines an access list that forwards all packets except those destined for networks 1 and 2:

access-list 650 deny network 1
access-list 650 deny network 2
access-list 650 permit other-access

Related Commands

A dagger (⁺) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.

access-list additional-zones
access-list cable-range
access-list includes
access-list nbp
access-list other-access
access-list other-nbps
access-list within
access-list zone
appletalk access-group
appletalk distribute-list in
appletalk distribute-list out
appletalk getzonelist-filter
priority-list protocol ⁺

access-list other-access

To define the default action to take for access checks that apply to networks or cable ranges, use the access-list other-access global configuration command.

Syntax Description

Default

No access lists are predefined.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

The access-list other-access command defines the action to take for access checks not explicitly defined with an access-list network, access-list cable-range, access-list includes, or access-list within command. If you do not specify this command, the default action is to deny other access.

You apply access lists defined with the access-list other-access command to data-packet and routing-update filters (using the appletalk access-group, appletalk distribute-list in, and appletalk distribute-list out). You cannot apply them to GZL filters (using the appletalk getzonelist-filter command).

In software releases before 9.0, the syntax of this command was access-list access-list-number {deny | permit} -1. The current version of the software is still able to interpret commands in this format if it finds them in a configuration or boot file. However, it is recommended that you update the commands in your configuration or boot files to match the current syntax.

Priority queuing for AppleTalk operates on the destination network number, not the source network number.

Example

The following example defines an access list that forwards all packets except those destined for networks 1 and 2:

access-list 650 deny network 1
access-list 650 deny network 2
access-list 650 permit other-access

Related Commands

A dagger (⁺) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.

access-list additional-zones
access-list cable-range
access-list includes
access-list nbp
access-list network
access-list other-nbps
access-list within
access-list zone
appletalk access-group
appletalk distribute-list in
appletalk distribute-list out
priority-list protocol ⁺

access-list other-nbps

To define the default action to take for access checks that apply to NBP packets from named entities not otherwise explicitly denied or permitted, use the access-list other-nbps global configuration command.

Syntax Description

Default

Access is denied.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

The access-list other-nbps command defines the action to take for filtering of NBP packets from named entities not explicitly defined by an access-list nbp command. It allows you to implement the default AppleTalk network security state at the named entity level. Any access-list nbp commands you enter affect a particular named entity object, class of named entities, or all named entities within a zone. This command sets the security state for all other NBP named entities. If you do not specify this command, the default action is to deny access.

You can use this command to create an entry in an access list before or after you issue access-list nbp commands. The order of the command in the access list is irrelevant.

Examples

The following example permits forwarding of all NBP packets from all sources except AppleTalk file servers of type AFPServer:

access-list 607 deny nbp 2 type AFPServer
access-list 607 permit other-nbps

Related Commands

A dagger (⁺) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.

access-list additional-zones
access-list cable-range
access-list includes
access-list nbp
access-list network
access-list other-access
access-list within
access-list zone
appletalk access-group
appletalk distribute-list in
appletalk distribute-list outt
appletalk getzonelist-filter
priority-list protocol ⁺

access-list within

To define an AppleTalk access list for an extended or a nonextended network whose network number or cable range is included entirely within the specified cable range, use the access-list within global configuration command. To remove this access list, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No access lists are predefined.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

When used as a routing update filter, the access-list within command affects matching on extended and nonextended AppleTalk networks. The conditions defined by this access list are used when a cable range or network number overlaps, either partially or completely, one (or more) of those specified in the access-list within command.

When used as a data-packet filter, the conditions defined by this access list are used when the packet's source network lies in the range defined in the access-list within command.

You apply access lists defined with the access-list within command to data-packet and routing-update (using the appletalk access-group, appletalk distribute-list in, and appletalk distribute-list out). You cannot apply them to GZL filters (using the appletalk getzonelist-filter command).

To delete an access list, specify the minimum number of keywords and arguments needed to delete the proper access list. For example, to delete the entire access list, use the following command:

To delete the access list for a specific network, use the following command:

Priority queuing for AppleTalk operates on the destination network number, not the source network number.

Example

The following example defines an access list that permits access to any network or cable range that is completely included in the range 10 to 20. This means, for example, that cable range 13 to 16 will be permitted, but cable range 17 to 25 will not be. The second line of the access list permits all other packets.

access-list 600 permit within 10-20
access-list 600 permit other-access

Related Commands

A dagger (⁺) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.

access-list additional zones
access-list cable-range
access-list includes
access-list nbp
access-list network
access-list other-access
access-list other-nbps
access-list zone
appletalk access-group
appletalk distribute-list in
appletalk distribute-list out
appletalk getzonelist-filter
priority-list protocol ⁺

access-list zone

To define an AppleTalk access list that applies to a zone, use the access-list zone global configuration command. To remove an access list, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No access lists are predefined.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

You apply access lists defined with the access-list zones command to outgoing routing update and GZL filters (using the appletalk distribute-list out, and appletalk getzonelist-filtercommands). You cannot apply them to data-packet filters (using the appletalk access-group command) or to incoming routing update filters (using the appletalk distribute-list in command).

To delete an access list, specify the minimum number of keywords and arguments needed to delete the proper access list. For example, to delete the entire access list, use the following command:

To delete the access list for a specific network, use the following command:

Use the access-list additional-zones command to define the action to take for access checks not explicitly defined with the access-list zone command.

Example

The following example creates an access list based on AppleTalk zones:

access-list 610 deny zone Twilight
access-list 610 permit additional-zones

Related Commands

access-list additional-zones
access-list cable-range
access-list includes
access-list nbp
access-list network
access-list other-access
access-list other-nbps
access-list within
appletalk access-group
appletalk distribute-list in
appletalk distribute-list out
appletalk getzonelist-filter
appletalk permit-partial-zones

appletalk access-group

To assign an access list to an interface, use the appletalk access-group interface configuration command. To remove the access list use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No access lists are predefined.

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

The appletalk access-group command applies data-packets filter to an interface. These filters check data packets being sent out an interface. If the packets' source network has access denied, these packets are not transmitted but rather are discarded.

Data-packet filters use access lists that define conditions for networks and cable ranges only. They ignore any zone information that may be in the access list.

When you apply a data-packet filter to an interface, you should ensure that all networks or cable ranges within a zone are governed by the same filters.

Example

The following example applies access list 601 to Ethernet interface 0:

access-list 601 deny cable-range 1-10
access-list 601 permit other-access
interface ethernet 0
appletalk access-group 601

Related Commands

access-list cable-range
access-list includes
access-list network
access-list other-access
access-list within
appletalk access-group
appletalk distribute-list in
appletalk distribute-list out

appletalk address

To enable nonextended AppleTalk routing on an interface, use the appletalk address interface configuration command. To disable nonextended AppleTalk routing, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

Disabled

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

You must enable routing on the interface before assigning zone names.

Specifying an address of 0.0, or 0.node places the interface into discovery mode. When in this mode, the router attempts to determine network address information from another router on the network. You also can enable discovery mode with the appletalk discovery command. Discovery mode does not run over serial lines.

Example

The following example enables nonextended AppleTalk routing on Ethernet interface 0:

appletalk routing
interface ethernet 0
appletalk address 1.129

Related Commands

access-list cable-range
appletalk discovery
appletalk zone

appletalk alternate-addressing

To display network numbers in a two-octet format, use the appletalk alternate-addressing global configuration command. To return to displaying network numbers in the format network.node, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Disabled

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

The appletalk alternate-addressing command displays cable ranges in the alternate format wherever applicable. This format consists of printing the upper and lower bytes of a network number as 8-bit decimal values separated by a decimal point. For example, the cable range 511-512 would be printed as 1.255-2.0.

Example

The following example enables the display of network numbers in a two-octet format:

appletalk alternate-addressing

appletalk arp interval

To specify the time interval between the retransmission of ARP packets, use the appletalk arp interval global configuration command. To restore both default intervals, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

If you omit the keywords, probe is the default.

probe--200 milliseconds
request--1000 milliseconds

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

The time interval you specify takes effect immediately.

Lengthening the interval between AARP transmissions permits responses from devices that respond slowly, such as printers and overloaded file servers, to be received.

AARP uses the appletalk arp probe interval value when obtaining the address of the local router. This is done when the router is being configured. You should not change the default value of this interval unless absolutely necessary, because this value directly modifies the AppleTalk dynamic node assignment algorithm.

AARP uses the appletalk arp request interval value when attempting to determine the hardware address of another node so that it can deliver a packet. You can change this interval as desired, although the default value is optimal for most sites.

The no appletalk arp command restores both the probe and request intervals specified in the appletalk arp interval and appletalk arp retransmit-count commands to their default values.

Example

In the following example, the AppleTalk ARP retry interval is lengthened to 2000 milliseconds:

appletalk arp request interval 2000

Related Commands

appletalk arp retransmit-count
appletalk arp-timeout
appletalk glean-packets
show appletalk globals

appletalk arp retransmit-count

To specify the number of AARP probe or request transmissions, use the appletalk arp retransmit-count global configuration command. To restore both default values, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

If you omit the keyword, probe is the default.

probe--10 transmissions
request--5 transmissions

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

The value you specify takes effect immediately.

Increasing the number of retransmissions permits responses from devices that respond slowly, such as printers and overloaded file servers, to be received.

AARP uses the appletalk arp probe retransmit-count value when obtaining the address of the local router. This is done when the router is being configured. You should not change the default value unless absolutely necessary, because this value directly modifies the AppleTalk dynamic node assignment algorithm.

AARP uses the appletalk arp request retransmit-count value when attempting to determine the hardware address of another node so that it can deliver a packet. You can change this interval as desired, although the default value is optimal for most sites.

The no appletalk arp command restores both the probe and request intervals specified in the appletalk arp interval and appletalk arp retransmit-count commands to their default values.

Example

The following example specifies an AARP retransmission count of 10 for AARP packets that are requesting the hardware address of another node on the network:

appletalk arp request retransmit-count 10

Related Commands

appletalk arp interval
appletalk arp-timeout
appletalk glean-packets
show appletalk globals

appletalk arp-timeout

To specify the interval at which entries are aged out of the ARP table, use the appletalk arp-timeout interface configuration command. To return to the default timeout, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

240 minutes (4 hours)

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Example

The following example changes the ARP timeout interval on Ethernet interface 0 to 2 hours:

interface ethernet 0
appletalk cable-range 2-2
appletalk arp-timeout 120

Related Commands

appletalk arp interval
appletalk arp retransmit-count
appletalk glean-packets

appletalk aurp tickle-time

To set the AURP last-heard-from timer value, use the appletalk aurp tickle-time interface configuration command. To return to the default last-heard-from timer value, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

90 seconds

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

If the tunnel peer has not been heard from with the time specified by the least-heard-from timer value, the router sends tickle packets to check that the tunnel peer is still up.

You can use this command only on tunnel interfaces.

Example

The following example changes the AURP last-heard-from timer value on tunnel interface 0 to 120 seconds:

interface tunnel 0
appletalk aurp tickle-time 120

Related Command

show appletalk interface tunnel

appletalk aurp update-interval

To set the minimum interval between AURP routing updates, use the appletalk aurp update-interval global configuration command. To return to the default interval, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

30 seconds

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

The AURP routing update interval applies only to tunnel interfaces.

Example

The following example changes the AURP routing update interval on tunnel interface 0 to 40 seconds:

interface tunnel 0
appletalk aurp update-interval 40

Related Command

show appletalk globals

appletalk cable-range

To enable an extended AppleTalk network, use the appletalk cable-range interface configuration command. To disable an extended AppleTalk network, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

Disabled

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

You must enable routing on the interface before assigning zone names.

Specifying a cable range value of 0-0 places the interface into discovery mode. When in this mode, the router attempts to determine cable range information from another router on the network. You can also enable discovery mode with the appletalk discovery command. Discovery mode does not run over serial lines.

Example

The following example assigns a cable range of 3 to 3 to the interface:

interface ethernet 0
appletalk cable-range 3-3

Related Commands

appletalk address
appletalk discovery
appletalk zone

appletalk checksum

To enable the generation and verification of checksums for all AppleTalk packets (except routed packets), use the appletalk checksum global configuration command. To disable checksum generation and verification, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Enabled

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

When the appletalk checksum command is enabled, the router discards incoming DDP packets when the checksum is nonzero and is incorrect, and when the router is the final destination for the packet.

You might want to disable checksum generation and verification if you have very early devices, such as LaserWriter printers, that cannot receive packets that contain checksums.

Our routers do not check checksums on routed packets, thereby eliminating the need to disable checksum to allow operation of some networking applications.

Example

The following example disables the generation and verification of checksums:

no appletalk checksum

Related Command

show appletalk globals

appletalk client-mode

To allow users to access an AppleTalk zone when dialing into an asynchronous line via the router's auxiliary port, use the appletalk client-mode interface configuration command. To disable this function, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Client mode is disabled.

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

The appletalk client-mode command allows a remote client to use an asynchronous interface to access AppleTalk zones, use networked peripherals, and share files with other Macintosh users.

This command works only an asynchronous interfaces on which PPP encapsulation is enabled. Also, you must first create an internal network for the Macintosh client using the appletalk virtual-net global configuration command.

An interface configured with the appletalk client-mode and appletalk virtual-net global commands does not support routing.

Example

The following example allows a user to access AppleTalk functionality on an asynchronous line using PPP:

interface asynchronous 1
appletalk client-mode

Related Commands

appletalk virtual-net
encapsulation
interface async
ppp

appletalk discovery

To place an interface into discovery mode, use the appletalk discovery interface configuration command. To disable discovery mode, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Disabled

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

If an interface is connected to a network that has at least one other operational AppleTalk router, you can dynamically configure the interface using discovery mode. In discovery mode, an interface acquires network address information about the attached network from an operational router and then uses this information to configure itself.

If you enable discovery mode on an interface, then when the router is starting up, that interface must acquire information to configure itself from another operational router on the attached network. If no operational router is present on the connected network, the interface will not start up.

If you do not enable discovery mode, then when the router is starting up, the interface must acquire its configuration from memory. If the stored configuration is not complete, the interface will not start up. If there is another operational router on the connected network, the router will verify the interface's stored configuration with that router. If there is any discrepancy, the interface will not start up. If there are no neighboring operational routers, the router will assume the interface's stored configuration is correct and will start up.

Once an interface is operational, it can seed the configurations of other routers on the connected network regardless of whether you have enabled discovery mode on any of the routers.

If you enable appletalk discovery and the interface is restarted, another operational router must still be present on the directly connected network in order for the interface to start up.

It is not advisable to have all routers on a network configured with discovery mode enabled. If all routers were to restart simultaneously (for instance, after a power failure), the network would become inaccessible until at least one router were restarted with discovery mode disabled.

You can also enable discovery mode by specifying an address of 0.0. in the appletalk address command or a cable range of 0-0 in the appletalk cable-range command.

Discovery mode is useful when you are changing a network configuration or when you are adding a router to an existing network.

Discovery mode does not run over serial lines.

Use the no appletalk discovery command to disable discovery mode. If the interface is not operational when you issue this command (that is, if you have not issued an access-list zone command on the interface), you must configure the zone name next. If the interface is operational when you issue the no appletalk discovery command, you can save the current configuration (in running memory) in nonvolatile memory by issuing the copy running-config startup-config command. (The copy running-config startup-config command replaces the write memory command. Refer to the description of the copy running-config startup-config command for more information).

Example

The following example enables discovery mode on Ethernet interface 0:

interface ethernet 0
appletalk discovery

Related Commands

A dagger (⁺) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.

appletalk address
appletalk cable-range
appletalk zone
copy running-config startup-config ⁺
show appletalk interface

appletalk distribute-list in

To filter routing updates received from other routers over a specified interface, use the appletalk distribute-list in interface configuration command. To remove the routing table update filter, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No routing filters are preconfigured.

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

The appletalk distribute-list in command controls which networks and cable ranges in routing updates will be entered into the local routing table.

Filters for incoming routing updates use access lists that define conditions for networks and cable ranges only. They cannot use access lists that define conditions for zones. All zone information in an access list assigned to the interface with the appletalk distribute-list in command is ignored.

An input distribution list filters network numbers received in an incoming routing update. When AppleTalk routing updates are received on the specified interface, each network number and cable range in the update is checked against the access list. Only network numbers and cable ranges that are permitted by the access list are inserted into the router's AppleTalk routing table.

Example

The following example prevents the router from accepting routing table updates received from network 10 and on Ethernet interface 3:

access-list 601 deny network 10
access-list 601 permit other-access
interface ethernet 3
appletalk distribute-list 601 in

Related Commands

access-list cable-range
access-list includes
access-list network
access-list other-access
access-list within
appletalk distribute-list out

appletalk distribute-list out

To filter routing updates transmitted to other routers, use the appletalk distribute-list out interface configuration command. To remove the routing table update filter, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No routing filters are preconfigured.

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

The appletalk distribute-list out command controls which network numbers and cable ranges are included in routing updates and which zones the local router includes in its GetZoneList replies.

When an AppleTalk routing update is generated on the specified interface, each network number and cable range in the routing table is checked against the access list. If an undefined access list is used, all network numbers and cable ranges are added to the routing update. Otherwise, if an access list is defined, only network numbers and cable ranges that satisfy the following conditions are added to the routing update:

• The network number or cable range is not explicitly or implicitly denied.

• The network number or cable range is not a member of a zone that is explicitly or implicitly denied.

• If appletalk permit-partial-zones is disabled (the default), the network number or cable range is not a member of a zone that is partially obscured.

A zone is considered partially obscured when one or more network numbers or cable ranges that are members of the zone is explicitly or implicitly denied.

When a ZIP GetZoneList reply is generated, only zones that satisfy the following conditions are included:

• If appletalk permit-partial-zones is enabled, at least one network number or cable range that is a member of the zone is explicitly or implicitly permitted.

• If appletalk permit-partial-zones is disabled, all network numbers or cable ranges are explicitly or implicitly permitted.

• The zone is explicitly or implicitly permitted.

Example

The following example prevents routing updates sent on Ethernet 0 from mentioning any networks in zone Admin:

access-list 601 deny zone Admin
access-list 601 permit other-access
interface Ethernet 0
appletalk distribute-list 601 out

Related Commands

access-list additional-zones
access-list zone
appletalk distribute-list in
appletalk getzonelist-filter
appletalk permit-partial-zones

appletalk domain-group

To assign a predefined domain number to an interface, use the appletalk domain-group interface configuration command. To remove an interface from a domain, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No domain number is assigned to the interface.

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

Before you can assign a domain number to an interface, you must create a domain with that domain number using the appletalk domain name global configuration command.

One or more interfaces on a router can be members of the same domain. However, a given interface can be in only one domain.

After you assign AppleTalk interenterprise features to an AppleTalk domain, you can attribute those features to a tunnel interface configured for AURP by assigning the AppleTalk domain-group number to the tunnel interface.

Examples

The following example assigns domain group 1 to Ethernet interface 0:

interface ethernet 0
appletalk domain-group 1

The following example assigns domain group 1 to tunnel interface 2. Assuming that domain group 1 is configured for AppleTalk interenterprise and that tunnel interface 2 is configured for AURP, any features configured for domain group 1 are ascribed to AURP on tunnel interface 2.

interface tunnel 2
appletalk domain-group 1

Related Commands

appletalk domain name
show appletalk domain

appletalk domain hop-reduction

To reduce the hop-count value in packets traveling between segments of a domains, use the appletalk domain hop-reduction global configuration command. To disable the reduction of hop-count values, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

Reduction of hop-count values is disabled.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Before you can specify the appletalk domain hop-reduction global configuration command, you must have created a domain with that domain number using the appletalk domain name global configuration command.

DDP and RTMP both impose a 15-hop limit when forwarding packets. A packet ages out and is no longer forwarded when its hop count reaches 16. To overcome RTMP's 15-hop limit, the domain router represents all networks accessible to routers on its local network as one hop away. This allows routers to maintain and send routing information about networks beyond the 15-hop limit and achieve full connectivity.

When you enable hop-count reduction, delivery of packets from networks that are farther than
15 hops apart is guaranteed.

Example

The following example enables hop-count reduction for domain number 1:

appletalk domain 1 name Delta
appletalk domain 1 hop-reduction

Related Commands

appletalk domain name
show appletalk domain

appletalk domain name

To create a domain and assign it a name and number, use the appletalk domain name global configuration command. To remove a domain, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No domain is created.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Example

The following example creates domain number 1 and assigns it the name Delta:

appletalk domain 1 name Delta

Related Commands

appletalk routing
show appletalk domain

appletalk domain remap-range

To remap ranges of AppleTalk network numbers or cable ranges between two segments of a domain, use the appletalk domain remap-range global configuration command. To disable remapping, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No remapping is performed.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Before you can specify the appletalk domain remap-range command, you must create a domain with that domain number using the appletalk domain name global configuration command.

Inbound and outbound packets are relative to the domain router.

Ensure that the domain range you specify does not overlap any network addresses or cable ranges that already exist in the AppleTalk interenterprise network.

Each domain can have two domain mapping ranges to which to remap all incoming or outgoing network numbers or cable ranges. Incoming remapping ranges cannot overlap. However, outbound remapping ranges can overlap.

When an AppleTalk network in a domain becomes inactive, its remapped entry is removed from the remapping table. This frees the space for another network to be remapped.

If there are more remote domains than available remapping range numbers, the router displays an error message and shuts down domains.

Example

The following example remaps all network addresses and cable ranges for packets inbound from domain 1 into the address range 1000 to 1999. It also remaps packets inbound from domain 2.

appletalk domain 1 name Delta
appletalk domain 2 name Echo
appletalk domain 1 remap-range in 10000-10999 
appletalk domain 2 remap-range in 20000-20999 

Related Commands

appletalk domain name
show appletalk remap

appletalk eigrp active-time

To specify the length of time that Enhanced IGRP routes can be active, use the appletalk eigrp active-time global configuration command. To return to the default value of one minute, use the no form of the command.

Syntax Description

Default

1 minute

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

This command allows you to configure the length of time that Enhanced IGRP routes can remain active. When a route reaches the active state time limit, the Cisco IOS software logs an error and removes the route from the routing table. You can view the current setting of the Enhance IGRP active state time by using the show appletalk globals command.

Examples

The following example shows the current setting of the Enhanced IGRP active state time using the show appletalk globals command, changes the setting using the appletalk eigrp active-time command, and then displays the changed setting (using the show appletalk globals command again):

Router#show appletalk globals 
AppleTalk global information:
  Internet is incompatible with older, AT Phase1, routers.
  There are 4 routes in the internet.
  There are 7 zones defined.
  Logging of significant AppleTalk events is disabled.
  ZIP resends queries every 10 seconds.
  RTMP updates are sent every 10 seconds.
  RTMP entries are considered BAD after 20 seconds.
  RTMP entries are discarded after 60 seconds.
  AARP probe retransmit count: 10, interval: 200 msec.
  AARP request retransmit count: 5, interval: 1000 msec.
  DDP datagrams will be checksummed.
  RTMP datagrams will be strictly checked.
  RTMP routes may not be propagated without zones.
  Routes will be distributed between routing protocols.
  Routing between local devices on an interface will not be performed.
  EIGRP router id is: 1
  EIGRP maximum active time is 1 minutes
  IPTalk uses the udp base port of 768 (Default).
  Alternate node address format will not be displayed.
  Access control of any networks of a zone hides the zone.
Router#
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#app
Router(config)#appletalk eigrp active-time 5
Router(config)#end
Router#
Router#show appletalk globals 
AppleTalk global information:
  Internet is incompatible with older, AT Phase1, routers.
  There are 4 routes in the internet.
  There are 7 zones defined.
  Logging of significant AppleTalk events is disabled.
  ZIP resends queries every 10 seconds.
  RTMP updates are sent every 10 seconds.
  RTMP entries are considered BAD after 20 seconds.
  RTMP entries are discarded after 60 seconds.
  AARP probe retransmit count: 10, interval: 200 msec.
  AARP request retransmit count: 5, interval: 1000 msec.
  DDP datagrams will be checksummed.
  RTMP datagrams will be strictly checked.
  RTMP routes may not be propagated without zones.
  Routes will be distributed between routing protocols.
  Routing between local devices on an interface will not be performed.
  EIGRP router id is: 1
  EIGRP maximum active time is 5 minutes
  IPTalk uses the udp base port of 768 (Default).
  Alternate node address format will not be displayed.
  Access control of any networks of a zone hides the zone.

Related Command

show appletalk globals

appletalk eigrp-bandwidth-percent

To configure the percentage of bandwidth that may be used by Enhanced IGRP on an interface, use the appletalk eigrp-bandwidth-percent interface configuration command. To restore the default value, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

50 percent

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

Enhanced IGRP will use up to 50 percent of the bandwidth of a link, as defined by the bandwidth interface configuration command. This command may be used if some other fraction of the bandwidth is desired. Note that values greater than 100 percent may be configured; this may be useful if the bandwidth is set artificially low for other reasons.

Example

The following example allows Enhanced IGRP to use up to 75 percent (42 kbps) of a 56 kbps serial link.

interface serial 0
bandwidth 56
appletalk eigrp-bandwidth-percent 75

Related Commands

bandwidth
appletalk routing

appletalk eigrp log-neighbor-changes

To enable the logging of changes in Enhanced IGRP neighbor adjacencies, use the appletalk eigrp log-neighbor-change global configuration command.

Default

No adjacency changes are logged.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Enables the logging of neighbor adjacency changes to monitor the stability of the routing system and to help detect problems. Log messages are of the form:

%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: AT/EIGRP 1: Neighbor address (interface) is state: reason

Example

The following configuration will log neighbor changes for Appletalk Enhanced IGRP.

appletalk eigrp log-neighbor-changes

Related Commands

appletalk routing

appletalk eigrp-splithorizon

To configure split horizon, use the appletalk eigrp-splithorizon interface configuration command. To disable split horizon, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Enabled

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

If you enable split horizon on an interface, AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP update and query packets are not sent if this interface is the next hop to that destination. This reduces the number of Enhanced IGRP packets of the network.

Split horizon blocks information about routes from being advertised by a router out any interface from which that information originated. This behavior usually optimizes communication among multiple routers, particularly when links are broken. However, with nonbroadcast networks, such as Frame Relay and SMDS, situations can arise for which this behavior is less than ideal. For these situations, you may wish to disable split horizon.

Example

The following example disables split horizon on serial interface 0:

interface serial 0
no appletalk eigrp-splithorizon

appletalk eigrp-timers

To configure the AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP hello packet interval and the route hold time, use the appletalk eigrp-timers interface configuration command. To return to the default values for these timers, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

hello-interval::
For low-speed, NBMA networks: 60 seconds
For all other networks: 5 seconds

hold-time:
For low-speed, NBMA networks: 180 seconds
For all other networks: 15 seconds

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

If the current value for the hold time is less than two times the hello interval, the hold time is reset to three times the hello interval.

If a router does not receive a hello packet within the specified hold time, routes through the router are considered available.

Increasing the hold time delays route convergence across the network.

The default of 180 seconds for hold-time applies only to low speed, nonbroadcast, multiaccess (NBMA) media. Low speed is considered to be a rate of T1 or slower, as specified with the bandwidth interface configuration command.

The default of 60 seconds for hello-interval applies only to low speed, nonbroadcast, multiaccess (NBMA) media. Low speed is considered to be a rate of T1 or slower, as specified with the bandwidth interface configuration command. Note that for purposes of Enhanced IGRP, Frame Relay and SMDS networks may or may not be considered to be NBMA. These networks are considered NBMA if the interface has not been configured to use physical multicasting; otherwise they are considered not to be NBMA.

Example

The following example changes the hello interval to 10 seconds:

interface ethernet 0
appletalk eigrp-timers 10 45

appletalk event-logging

To log significant network events, use the appletalk event-logging global configuration command. To disable this function, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Disabled

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

The appletalk event-logging command logs a subset of messages produced by debug appletalk command. These messages include routing changes, zone creation, port status, and address.

Example

The following example enables logging of AppleTalk events:

appletalk routing
appletalk event-logging

Related Command

show appletalk globals

appletalk free-trade-zone

To establish a free-trade zone, use the appletalk free-trade-zone interface configuration command. To disable a free-trade zone, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Disabled

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

A free-trade zone is a part of an AppleTalk internet that is accessible by two other parts of the internet, neither of which can access the other. You might want to create a free-trade zone to allow the exchange of information between two organizations that otherwise want to keep their internets isolated from each other or that do not have physical connectivity with one another.

You apply the appletalk free-trade-zone command to each interface attached to the common-access network. This command has the following effect on the interface:

• All incoming RTMP updates are ignored.

• All outgoing RTMP updates contain no information.

• NBP conversion of BrRq packets to FwdReq packets is not performed.

The GZL for free-trade zone nodes will be empty.

Example

The following example establishes a free-trade zone on Ethernet interface 0:

interface ethernet 0
appletalk cable-range 5-5
appletalk zone FreeAccessZone
appletalk free-trade-zone

appletalk getzonelist-filter

To filter GetZoneList (GZL) replies, use the appletalk getzonelist-filter interface configuration command. To remove a filter, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No filters are preconfigured.

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

GZL filters define conditions for zones only. They cannot use access lists that define conditions for network numbers or cable ranges. All network number and cable range information in the access list assigned to an interface with the appletalk getzonelist-filter command is ignored.

Using a GZL filter is not a complete replacement for anonymous network numbers. In order to prevent users from seeing a zone, all routers must implement the GZL filter. If there are any routers from other vendors on the network, the GZL filter will not have a consistent effect.

The Macintosh Chooser uses ZIP GZL requests to compile a list of zones from which the user can select services. Any router on the same network as the Macintosh can respond to these requests with a GZL reply. You can create a GZL filter on the router to control which zones the router mentions in its GZL replies. This has the effect of controlling the list of zones that are displayed by the Chooser.

When defining GZL filters, you should ensure that all routers on the same internetwork filter GZL reply identically. Otherwise, the Chooser will list different zone depending upon which router responded to the request. Also, inconsistent filters can result in zones appearing and disappearing every few seconds when the user remains in the Chooser. Because of these inconsistencies, you should normally use the appletalk getzonelist-filter command only when all routers in the internetwork are our routers, unless the other vendors' routers have a similar feature.

Replies to GZL requests are also filtered by anyappletalk distribute-list out filter that has been applied to the same interface. You need to specify an appletalk getzonelist-filter command only if you want additional filtering to be applied to GZL replies. This filter is rarely needed except to eliminate zones that do not contain user services.

Example

The following example does not include the zone Engineering in GZL replies sent out Ethernet interface 0:

access-list 600 deny zone Engineering
interface ethernet 0
appletalk getzonelist-filter 600

Related Commands

access-list additional-zones
access-list zone
appletalk distribute-list out
appletalk permit-partial-zones

appletalk glean-packets

To derive AARP table entries from incoming packets, use the appletalk glean-packets interface configuration command. To disable this function, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Enabled

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

The router automatically derives AARP table entries from incoming packets. This process is referred to as "gleaning." Gleaning speeds up the process of populating the AARP table.

Our implementation of AppleTalk does not forward packets with local source and destination network addresses. This behavior does not conform with the definition of AppleTalk in Apple Computer's Inside AppleTalk publication. However, this behavior is designed to prevent any possible corruption of the AARP table in any AppleTalk node that is performing MAC-address gleaning.

Example

The following example disables the building of the AARP table using information derived from incoming packets:

interface ethernet 0
appletalk address 33
no appletalk glean-packets

appletalk ignore-verify-errors

To allow a router to start functioning even if the network is misconfigured, use the appletalk ignore-verify-errors global configuration command. To disable this function, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Disabled

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Use this command only under the guidance of a customer engineer or other service representative. A router that starts routing in a misconfigured network will serve only to make a bad situation worse; it will not correct other misconfigured routers.

Example

The following example allows a router to start functioning without verifying network misconfiguration:

no appletalk ignore-verify-errors 0

appletalk iptalk

To enable IPTalk encapsulation on an interface that already has a configured IP address, use the appletalk iptalk interface configuration command. To disable IPTalk encapsulation, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

Disabled

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

Use the appletalk iptalk command to enable IPTalk encapsulation on an interface that already has a configured IP address. This command encapsulates AppleTalk in IP packets in a manner compatible with the Columbia AppleTalk Package (CAP) IPTalk and the Kinetics IPTalk (KIP) implementations.

This command allows AppleTalk communication with UNIX hosts running older versions of CAP that do not support native AppleTalk EtherTalk encapsulations. Typically, Apple Macintosh users wishing to communicate with these servers would have their connections routed through a Kinetics FastPath router running KIP (Kinetics IP) software.

This command is provided as a migration command; newer versions of CAP provide native AppleTalk EtherTalk encapsulations, and the IPTalk encapsulation is no longer required. Our implementation of IPTalk assumes that AppleTalk is already being routed on the backbone, because there is currently no LocalTalk hardware interface for our routers.

Our implementation of IPTalk does not support manually configured AppleTalk-to-IP address mapping (atab). The address mapping provided is the same as the Kinetics IPTalk implementation when the atab facility is not enabled. This address mapping functions as follows: The IP subnet mask used on the router Ethernet interface on which IPTalk is enabled is inverted (ones complement). This result is then masked against 255 (0xFF hexadecimal). This is then masked against the low-order 8 bits of the IP address to obtain the AppleTalk node number.

Example

The following example configuration illustrates how to configure IPTalk:

interface Ethernet 0
ip address 131.108.1.118 255.255.255.0
appletalk address 20.129
appletalk zone Native AppleTalk
appletalk iptalk 30.0 UDPZone

In this configuration, the IP subnet mask would be inverted:

255.255.255.0 inverted yields: 0.0.0.255

Masked with 255 it yields 255, and masked with the low-order 8 bits of the interface IP address it yields 118.

This means that the AppleTalk address of the Ethernet 0 interface seen in the UDPZone zone is 30.118. This caveat should be noted, however: Should the host field of an IP subnet mask for an interface be more than 8 bits wide, it will be possible to obtain conflicting AppleTalk node numbers. For instance, consider a situation where the subnet mask for the Ethernet 0 interface above is 255.255.240.0, meaning that the host field is 12 bits wide.

Related Command

appletalk iptalk-baseport

appletalk iptalk-baseport

To specify the UDP port number when configuring IPTalk, use the appletalk iptalk-baseport global configuration command. To return to the default UDP port number, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

768

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Implementations of IPTalk prior to April 1988 mapped well-known DDP socket numbers to privileged UDP ports starting at port number 768. In April 1988, the NIC assigned a range of UDP ports for the defined DDP well-known sockets starting at UDP port number 200 and assigned these ports the names at-nbp, at-rtmp, at-echo, and at-zis. Release 6 and later of the CAP program dynamically decides which port mapping to use. If there are no AppleTalk service entries in the UNIX system's /etc/services file, CAP uses the older mapping starting at UDP port number 768.

The default UDP port mapping supported by our implementation of IPTalk is 768. If there are AppleTalk service entries in the UNIX system's /etc/services file, you should specify the beginning of the UDP port mapping range with the appletalk iptalk-baseport command.

Example

The following example sets the base UDP port number to 200, which is the official NIC port number, and configures IPTalk on Ethernet interface 0:

appletalk routing
appletalk iptalk-baseport 200
!
interface Ethernet 0
ip address 131.108.1.118 255.255.255.0
appletalk address 20.129
appletalk zone Native AppleTalk
appletalk iptalk 30.0 UDPZone

Related Command

appletalk iptalk

appletalk lookup-type

To specify which NBP service types are retained in the name cache, use the appletalk lookup-type global configuration command. To disable the caching of services, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

The ciscoRouter entries are retained in the name cache.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

You can issue multiple appletalk lookup-type commands. The router does not query the entire zone, but instead polls only the connected networks. This reduces network overhead and means that the name cache contains entries only for selected services that are in a directly connected network or zone, not for all the selected services in a network or zone.

Table 15-1 lists some AppleTalk service types.

To display information that is stored in the name cache about the services being used by our routers and other vendors' routers, use the show appletalk name-cache command.

If a neighboring router is not our router or is running our software that is earlier than Release 9.0, it is possible the router will be unable to determine the name of the neighbor. This is normal behavior, and there is no workaround.

If AppleTalk routing is enabled, enabling SNMP will automatically enable SNMP over DDP.

Name cache entries are deleted after several interval periods expire without being refreshed. (You set the interval with the appletalk name-lookup-interval command.) At each interval, a single request is sent via each interface that has valid addresses.

Example

The following example caches information about GatorBox services, Apple internet routers, MacIP services, and workstations. Information about our routers is automatically cached.

appletalk lookup-type GatorBox
appletalk lookup-type AppleRouter
appletalk lookup-type IPGATEWAY
appletalk lookup-type Workstation

Related Commands

appletalk name-lookup-interval
show appletalk name-cache
show appletalk nbp

appletalk macip dynamic

To allocate IP addresses to dynamic MacIP clients, use the appletalk macip dynamic global configuration command. To delete a MacIP dynamic address assignment, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No IP addresses are allocated.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Use the appletalk macip dynamic command when configuring MacIP.

Dynamic clients are those that accept any IP address assignment within the dynamic range specified.

In general, it is recommended that you do not use fragmented address ranges in configuring ranges for MacIP. However, if this is unavoidable, use the appletalk macip dynamic command to specify as many addresses or ranges as required and use the appletalk macip static command to assign a specific address or address range.

To shut down all running MacIP services, use the following command:

To delete a particular dynamic address assignment from the configuration, use the following command:

Example

The following example illustrates MacIP support for dynamically addressed MacIP clients with IP addresses in the range 131.108.1.28 to 131.108.1.44.

!This global statement specifies the MacIP server address and zone:
appletalk macip server 131.108.1.27 zone Engineering
!
!This global statement identifies the dynamically addressed clients:
appletalk macip dynamic 131.108.1.28 131.108.1.44 zone Engineering
!
!These statements assign the IP address and subnet mask for Ethernet interface 0:
interface ethernet 0
ip address 131.108.1.27 255.255.255.0
!
!This global statement enables AppleTalk routing on the router.
appletalk routing
!
!These statements enable AppleTalk routing on the interface and 
!set the zone name for the interface 
interface ethernet 0
appletalk cable-range 69-69 69.128
appletalk zone Engineering

Related Commands

A dagger (⁺) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.

appletalk macip server
appletalk macip static
ip address ⁺
show appletalk macip-servers

appletalk macip server

To establish a MacIP server for a zone, use the appletalk macip server global configuration command. To shut down a MACIP server, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No MacIP server is established.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Use the appletalk macip server command when configuring MacIP.

You can configure only one MacIP server per AppleTalk zone, and the server must reside in the default zone. A server is not registered via NBP until at least one MacIP resource is configured.

You can configure multiple MacIP servers for a router, but you can assign only one MacIP server to a particular zone and only one IP interface to each MacIP server. In general, you must be able to establish an alias between the IP address you assign with the appletalk macip server command and an existing IP interface. For implementation simplicity, it is suggested that the address specified in this command match an existing IP interface address.

To shut down all active MacIP servers, use the following command:

To delete a specific MacIP server from the MacIP configuration, use the following command:

Example

The following example establishes a MacIP server on Ethernet interface 0 in AppleTalk zone Engineering. It then assigns an IP address to the Ethernet interface and enables AppleTalk routing on the router and the Ethernet interface.

appletalk macip server 131.108.1.27 zone Engineering
ip address 131.108.1.27 255.255.255.0
appletalk routing
interface ethernet 0
appletalk cable-range 69-69 69.128
appletalk zone Engineering

Related Commands

A dagger (⁺) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.

appletalk macip dynamic
appletalk macip static
ip address ⁺
show appletalk macip-servers

appletalk macip static

To allocate an IP address to be used by a MacIP client that has reserved a static IP address, use the appletalk macip static global configuration command. To delete a MacIP static address assignment, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No IP address is allocated.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Use the appletalk macip static command when configuring MacIP.

Static addresses are for users who require fixed addresses for IP name domain name service and for administrators who do want addresses to change so they can always know who has what IP address.

In general, it is recommended that you do not use fragmented address ranges in configuring ranges for MacIP. However, if this is unavoidable, use the appletalk macip dynamic command to specify as many addresses or ranges as required, and then use the appletalk macip static command to assign a specific address or address range.

To shut down all running MacIP services, use the following command:

To delete a particular static address assignment from the configuration, use the following command:

Example

The following example illustrates MacIP support for MacIP clients with statically allocated IP addresses. The IP addresses range is from 131.108.1.50 to 131.108.1.66. The three nodes that have the specific addresses are 131.108.1.81, 131.108.1.92, and 131.108.1.101.

!This global statement specifies the MacIP server address and zone:
appletalk macip server 131.108.1.27 zone Engineering
!
!These global statements identify the statically addressed clients:
appletalk macip static 131.108.1.50 131.108.1.66 zone Engineering
appletalk macip static 131.108.1.81 zone Engineering
appletalk macip static 131.108.1.92 zone Engineering
appletalk macip static 131.108.1.101 zone Engineering
!
!These statements assign the IP address and subnet mask for Ethernet interface 0:
interface ethernet 0
ip address 131.108.1.27 255.255.255.0
!
!This global statement enables AppleTalk routing on the router.
appletalk routing
!
!These statements enable AppleTalk routing on the interface and 
!set the zone name for the interface 
interface ethernet 0
appletalk cable-range 69-69 69.128
appletalk zone Engineering

Related Commands

A dagger (⁺) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.

appletalk macip dynamic
appletalk macip server
ip address ⁺
show appletalk macip-servers

appletalk name-lookup-interval

To set the interval between service pollings by the router on its AppleTalk interfaces, use the appletalk name-lookup-interval global configuration command. To purge the name cache and return to the default polling interval, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

0, which purges all entries from the name cache and disables the caching of service type information.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

The router collects name information only for entities on connected AppleTalk networks.This reduces overhead.

If you enter an interval of 0, all polling for services (except ciscoRouter) is disabled. If you reenter a nonzero value, the configuration specified by the appletalk lookup-type command is reinstated. You cannot disable the lookup of ciscoRouter.

Example

The following example sets the lookup interval to 20 minutes:

appletalk name-lookup-interval 1200

Related Commands

appletalk lookup-type
show appletalk name-cache

appletalk permit-partial-zones

To permit access to the other networks in a zone when access to one of those networks is denied, use the appletalk permit-partial-zones global configuration command. To deny access to all networks in a zone if access to one of those networks is denied, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Access denied.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

The permitting of partial zones provides IP-style access control.

When you enable the use of partial zones, the NBP protocol cannot ensure the consistency and uniqueness of name bindings.

If you enable the use of partial zones, access control behavior is compatible with that of Software Release 8.3.

Example

The following example allows partial zones:

appletalk permit-partial-zones

Related Commands

access-list additional-zones
access-list zone
appletalk distribute-list out
appletalk getzonelist-filter

appletalk pre-fdditalk

To enable the recognition of pre-FDDITalk packets, use the appletalk pre-fdditalk global configuration command. To disable this function, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Disabled

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

Use this command to have the router recognize AppleTalk packets sent on the FDDI ring from routers running Cisco software releases prior to Release 9.0(3) or Release 9.1(2).

Example

The following example disables the recognition of pre-FDDITalk packets:

no appletalk pre-fdditalk 

appletalk protocol

To specify the routing protocol to use on an interface, use the appletalk protocol interface configuration command. To disable a routing protocol, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

RTMP

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

You can configure an interface to use both RTMP and Enhanced IGRP. If you do so, route information learned from Enhanced IGRP will take precedence over information learned from RTMP. The router will, however, continue to send out RTMP routing updates.

You cannot disable RTMP without first enabling AURP or Enhanced IGRP.

Enabling AURP automatically disables RTMP.

You can enable AURP only on tunnel interfaces.

Examples

The following example enables AURP on tunnel interface 1:

interface tunnel 1
appletalk protocol aurp

The following example enables AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP on serial interface 0:

interface serial 0
appletalk protocol eigrp

The following example disables RTMP on serial interface 0:

interface serial 0
no appletalk protocol rtmp

Related Command

appletalk routing

appletalk proxy-nbp

To assign a proxy network number for each zone in which there is a router that supports only nonextended AppleTalk, use the appletalk proxy-nbp global configuration command. To delete the proxy, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No proxy network number is assigned.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

The appletalk proxy-nbp command provides compatibility between AppleTalk Phase 1 and AppleTalk Phase 2 networks.

Proxy routes are included in outgoing RTMP updates as if they were directly connected routes, although they are not really directly connected, since they are not associated with any interface. Whenever an NBQ BrRq for the zone in question is generated by anyone anywhere in the Internet, an NBP FwdReq is directed to any router connected to the proxy route. The Phase 2 router which is the only router directly connected converts the FwdReq to LkUps, which are understood by Phase 1 routers, and sends them to every network in the zone.

In an environment in which there are Phase 1 and Phase 2 networks, you must specify at least one appletalk proxy-nbp command for each zone that has a nonextended-only AppleTalk router.

The proxy network number you assign with the appletalk proxy-nbp command cannot also be assigned to a router, nor can it also be associated with a physical network.

You need to assign only one proxy network number for each zone. However, you can define additional proxies with different network numbers to provide redundancy. Each proxy generates one or more packets for each forward request it receives. All other packets sent to the proxy network address are discarded. Defining redundant proxy network numbers increases the NBP traffic linearly.

Example

The following example defines network number 60 as an NBP proxy for the zone Twilight:

appletalk proxy-nbp 60 Twilight

Related Command
show appletalk route

appletalk require-route-zones

To prevent the advertisement of routes (network numbers or cable ranges) that have no assigned zone, use the appletalk require-route-zones global configuration command. To disable this option and allow the router to advertise to its neighbors routes that have no network-zone association, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Enabled

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

The appletalk require-route-zones command ensures that all networks have zone names prior to advertisement to neighbors.

The no appletalk require-route-zones command enables router behavior compatible with Software Release 8.3.

Using this command helps prevent ZIP protocol storms. ZIP protocol storms can arise when corrupt routes are propagated and routers broadcast ZIP requests to determine the network/zone associations.

When the appletalk require-route-zones command is enabled, the router will not advertise a route to its neighboring routers until it has obtained the network/zone associations. This effectively limits the storms to a single network rather than the entire internet.

As an alternative to disabling this option, use the appletalk getzonelist-filter interface configuration command to filter empty zones from the list presented to users.

You can configure different zone lists on different interfaces. However, you are discouraged from doing this because AppleTalk users expect to have the same user zone lists at any end node in the internet.

The filtering provided by the appletalk require-route-zones command does not prevent explicit access via programmatic methods, but should be considered a user optimization to suppress unused zones. You should use other forms of AppleTalk access control lists to actually secure a zone or network.

Example

The following example configures a router to prevent the advertisement of routes that have no assigned zone:

appletalk require-route-zones

appletalk route-cache

To enable fast switching on all supported interfaces, use the appletalk route-cache interface configuration command. To disable fast switching, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Enabled on all interfaces that support fast switching

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

Fast switching allows higher throughput by switching a packet using a cache created by previous packets. Fast switching is enabled by default on all interfaces that support fast switching, including Token Ring, Frame Relay, PPP, and ATM. Note that fast switching is not supported over X.25 and LAPB encapsulations, or on the CSC-R16, CSC-1R, or CSC-2R STR Token Ring adapters.

Packet transfer performance is generally better when fast switching is enabled. However, you may want to disable fast switching in order to save memory space on interface cards and to help avoid congestion when high-bandwidth interfaces are writing large amounts of information to low-bandwidth interfaces.

For serial lines, fast switching is supported on extended serial lines with HDLC encapsulation only. It is not supported on nonextended serial lines.

Example

The following example disables fast switching on an interface:

interface ethernet 0
appletalk cable-range 10-20
appletalk zone Twilight
no appletalk route-cache

Related Command

show appletalk cache

appletalk route-redistribution

To redistribute RTMP routes into AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP and vice versa, use the appletalk route-redistribution global configuration command. To keep Enhanced IGRP and RTMP routes separate, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Enabled when Enhanced IGRP is enabled

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Redistribution allows routing information generated by one protocol to be advertised in another.

In the automatic redistribution of routes between Enhanced IGRP and RTMP, an RTMP hop is treated as having a slightly worse metric than an equivalent Enhanced IGRP hop on a 9.6-kilobit link. This allows Enhanced IGRP to be preferred over RTMP except in the most extreme of circumstances. Typically, you will see this only when using tunnels. If you want an Enhanced IGRP path in a tunnel to be preferred over an alternate RTMP path, you should set the interface delay and bandwidth parameters on the tunnel to bring the metric of the tunnel down to being better than a 9.6-kilobit link.

Example

In the following example, RTMP routing information is not redistributed:

appletalk routing eigrp 23
no appletalk route-redistribution

appletalk routing

To enable AppleTalk routing, use the appletalk routing global configuration command. To disable AppleTalk routing, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

Disabled

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

If you do not specify the optional keyword and argument, this command enables AppleTalk routing using the RTMP routing protocol.

You can configure multiple AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP processes on a router. To do so, assign each a different router ID number. (Note that IP and IPX Enhanced IGRP use an autonomous system number to enable Enhanced IGRP, while AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP uses a router ID.)

If you configure a router with a router number that is the same as that of a neighboring router, the router will refuse to start AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP on interfaces that connect with that neighboring router.

Caution  When disabling Enhanced IGRP routing with the no appletalk routing eigrp command, all interfaces enabled for only Enhanced IGRP (and not also RTMP) lose their AppleTalk configuration. If you want to disable Enhanced IGRP and use RTMP instead on specific interfaces, first enable RTMP on each interface using the appletalk protocol rtmp interface configuration command. Then, disable Enhanced IGRP routing using the no appletalk routing eigrp command. This process ensures that you do not lose AppleTalk configurations on interfaces for which you want to use RTMP.

Examples

The following example enables AppleTalk protocol processing on the router:

appletalk routing

The following example enables AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP routing on router number 22:

appletalk routing eigrp 22

Related Commands

appletalk address
appletalk cable-range
appletalk protocol
appletalk zone

appletalk rtmp-stub

To enable AppleTalk RTMP stub mode, use the appletalk rtmp-stub interface configuration command. To disable this mode, use the no form of the command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Disabled

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

This command enables routers running Enhanced IGRP and RTMP to reduce the amount of CPU processing that RTMP modules use. RTMP modules send "stub" packets instead of full RTMP packets when you enable stub mode.

A stub packet is only the first tuple of an RTMP packet. The first tuple indicates the network number range assigned to that network. End nodes use stub packets to determine if their node number is in the right network range.

Upon startup, an end node on an extended network uses stub packets to verify that its previous node number is still within the segment's network number range. If it is, the end node reuses the previous node number and stores the network number range information. If an end node learns upon startup that its previous node number does not fall within the segment's new network number range, the end node picks a new node number based on the new network number range and stores the new network number range information.

After startup, end nodes use subsequent stub packets to verify that the network number range sent in the stub packets precisely matches its stored network number range. In this way, stub packets keep end nodes alive.

When routers that have stub mode enabled receive full RTMP packets, they discard these packets because Enhanced IGRP (not RTMP) is expected to deliver routes. Discarding full RTMP packets when stub mode is enabled saves the overhead processing of RTMP routes.

You can also use stub mode on "end" networks. End networks are those to which no other routers attach. Because no other routers are listening for routes on these end segments, there is no need for the end router to send full RTMP packets to these end segments. The end router can send stub packet to keep end nodes alive.

Example

The following example turns on AppleTalk RTMP stub mode:

appletalk rtmp-stub

Related Command

show appletalk interface

appletalk send-rtmps

To allow a router to send routing updates to its neighbors, use the appletalk send-rtmps interface configuration command. To block updates from being sent, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Send routing updates.

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

If you block the sending of routing updates, an interface on the network that has AppleTalk enabled is not "visible" to other routers on the network.

Example

The following example prevents a router from sending routing updates to its neighbors:

no appletalk send-rtmps

Related Commands

appletalk require-route-zones
appletalk strict-rtmp-checking
appletalk timers

appletalk static cable-range

To define a static route or a floating static route on an extended network, use the appletalk static cable-range global configuration command. To remove a static route, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No static routes are defined.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

You cannot delete a particular zone from the zone list without first deleting the static route.

When links associated with static routes are lost, traffic may stop being forwarded even though alternative paths might be available. For this reason, you should be careful when assigning static routes.

Floating static routes are a kind of static route that can be overridden by dynamically learned routes. Floating static routes allow you to switch to another path whenever routing information for a destination is lost. One application of floating static routes is to provide back-up routes in topologies where dial-on-demand routing is used.

If you configure a floating static route, the router checks to see if an entry for the route already exists in its routing table. If a dynamic route already exists, the floating static route is placed in reserve as part of a floating static route table. When the router detects that the dynamic route is no longer available, it replaces the dynamic route with the floating static route for that destination. If the route is later relearned dynamically, the dynamic route replaces the floating static route and the floating static route is again placed in reserve.

To avoid the possibility of a routing loop occurring, by default floating static routes are not redistributed into other dynamic protocols.

Examples

The following example creates a static route to the remote router whose address is 1.2 on the remote network 100-110 that is in the remote zone Remote:

appletalk static cable 100-110 to 1.2 zone Remote

The following example creates a floating static route to the remote router whose address is 1.3 on the remote network 100-110 that is in the remote zone Remote:

appletalk static cable 100-110 to 1.3 floating zone Remote

Related Commands

appletalk static network
show appletalk route
show appletalk static

appletalk static network

To define a static route or a floating static route on a nonextended network, use the appletalk static network global configuration command. To remove a static route, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No static routes are defined.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

You cannot delete a particular zone from the zone list without first deleting the static route.

When links associated with static routes are lost, traffic may stop being forwarded even though alternative paths might be available. For this reason, you should be careful when assigning static routes.

Floating static routes are a kind of static route that can be overridden by dynamically learned routes. Floating static routes allow you to switch to another path whenever routing information for a destination is lost. One application of floating static routes is to provide back-up routes in topologies where dial-on-demand routing is used.

If you configure a floating static route, the router checks to see if an entry for the route already exists in its routing table. If a dynamic route already exists, the floating static route is placed in reserve as part of a floating static route table. When the router detects that the dynamic route is no longer available, it replaces the dynamic route with the floating static route for that destination. If the route is later relearned dynamically, the dynamic route replaces the floating static route and the floating static route is again placed in reserve.

To avoid the possibility of a routing loop occurring, by default floating static routes are not redistributed into other dynamic protocols.

Examples

The following example creates a static route to the remote router whose address is 1.2 on the remote network 200 that is in the remote zone Remote:

appletalk static network 200 to 1.2 zone Remote

The following example creates a floating static route to the remote router whose address is 1.3 on the remote network 200 that is in the remote zone Remote:

appletalk static network 200 to 1.3 floating zone Remote

Related Commands

appletalk static cable-range
show appletalk route
show appletalk static

appletalk strict-rtmp-checking

To perform maximum checking of routing updates to ensure their validity, use the appletalk strict-rtmp-checking global configuration command. To disable the maximum checking, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Provide maximum checking

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Strict RTMP checking discards any RTMP packets arriving from routers that are not directly connected to the local router. This means that the local router does not accept any routed RTMP packets. Note that RTMP packets that need to be forwarded by the router are not discarded.

Example

The following example disables strict checking of RTMP routing updates:

no appletalk strict-rtmp-checking

Related Commands

appletalk require-route-zones
appletalk send-rtmps
appletalk timers

appletalk timers

To change the routing update timers, use the appletalk timers global configuration command. To return to the default routing update timers, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Defaults

update-interval: 10 seconds
valid-interval: 20 seconds
invalid-interval: 60 seconds

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Routes older than the time specified by update-interval are considered suspect. Once the period of time specified by valid-interval has elapsed without having heard a routing update for a route, the route becomes bad and is eligible for replacement by a path with a higher (less favorable) metric. During the invalid-interval period, routing updates include this route with a special "notify neighbor" metric. If this timer expires, the route is deleted from the routing table.

Note that you should not attempt to modify the routing timers without fully understanding the ramifications of doing so. Many other AppleTalk router vendors provide no facility for modifying their routing timers; should you adjust our router's AppleTalk timers such that routing updates do not arrive at these other routers within the normal interval, it is possible to degrade or destroy AppleTalk network connectivity.

If you change the routing update interval, be sure to do so for all routers on the network.

In rare instances, you might want to change this interval, such as when a router is busy and cannot send routing updates every 10 seconds or when slower routers are incapable of processing received routing updates in a large network.

Example

The following example increases the update interval to 20 seconds and the route-valid interval to 40 seconds:

appletalk timers 20 40 60

appletalk virtual-net

To add AppleTalk users logging in on an asynchronous line and using PPP encapsulation to an internal network, use the appletalk virtual-net global configuration command. To remove an internal network, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No virtual networks are predefined.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

A virtual network is a logical network that exists only within the router. It enables you--and by extension anyone who dials into the router on the auxiliary port--to add an asynchronous interface to either a new or an existing AppleTalk zone.

Virtual networks work with both extended and nonextended AppleTalk networks.

If you issue the appletalk virtual-net command and specify a new AppleTalk zone name, the network number you specify is the only one associated with this zone. If you issue this command and specify an existing AppleTalk zone, the network number you specify is added to the existing zone.

The selected AppleTalk zone (either new or existing) is highlighted when you open the Macintosh Chooser window. From this window, you can access all available zones.

Example

The following example adds a user to the virtual network number 3 and specifies the zone name renegade:

apple virtual-net 3 renegade

Related Commands

appletalk address
appletalk cable-range
appletalk client-mode
appletalk zone
show appletalk zone

appletalk zip-query-interval

To specify the interval at which the router sends ZIP queries, use the appletalk zip-query-interval global configuration command. To return to the default interval, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

10 seconds

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

The router uses the information received in response to its ZIP queries to update its zone table.

Example

The following example changes the ZIP query interval to 40 seconds:

appletalk zip-query-interval 40

appletalk zip-reply-filter

To configure a ZIP reply filter, use the appletalk zip-reply-filter interface configuration command. To remove a filter, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No access lists are predefined.

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

ZIP reply filters limit the visibility of zones from routers in unprivileged regions throughout the internetwork. These filters filter the zone list for each network provided by a router to neighboring routers to remove restricted zones.

ZIP reply filters apply to downstream routers, not to end stations on networks attached to the local router. With ZIP reply filters, when downstream routers request the names of zones in a network, the local router replies with the names of visible zones only. It does not reply with the names of zones that have been hidden with a ZIP reply filter. To filter zones from end stations, use GZL filters.

ZIP reply filters determine which networks and cable ranges the Cisco IOS software sends out in routing updates. Before sending out routing updates, the software excludes the networks and cable ranges whose zones have been completely denied access by ZIP reply filters. Excluding this information ensures that routers receiving these routing updates do not send unnecessary ZIP requests.

Example

The following example assigns a ZIP reply filter to Ethernet interface 0:

interface ethernet 0
appletalk zip-reply-filter 600

Related Commands

access-list additional-zones
access-list zone
show appletalk interface

appletalk zone

To set the zone name for the connected AppleTalk network, use the appletalk zone interface configuration command. To delete a zone, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

Default

No zone name is set.

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

If discovery mode is not enabled, you can specify this command only after an appletalk address or appletalk cable-range command. You can issue it multiple times if it follows the appletalk cable-range command.

On interfaces that have discovery mode disabled, you must assign a zone name in order for AppleTalk routing to begin.

If an interface is using extended AppleTalk, the first zone specified in the list is the default zone. The router always uses the default zone when registering NBP names for interfaces. Nodes in the network will select the zone in which they will operate from the list of zone names valid on the cable to which they are connected.

If an interface is using nonextended AppleTalk, repeated execution of the appletalk zone command will replace the interface's zone name with the newly specified zone name.

The no form of the command deletes a zone name from a zone list or deletes the entire zone list if you do not specify a zone name. For nonextended AppleTalk interfaces, the zone name argument is ignored. You should delete any existing zone-name list using the no appletalk zone interface subcommand before configuring a new zone list.

The zone list is cleared automatically when you issue an appletalk address or appletalk cable-range command. The list also is cleared if you issue the appletalk zone command on an existing network; this can occur when adding zones to a set of routers until all routers are in agreement.

Examples

The following example assigns the zone name Twilight to an interface:

interface Ethernet 0
appletalk cable-range 10-20
appletalk zone Twilight

The following example uses AppleTalk special characters to set the zone name to Cisco:A5Zone.

appletalk zone Cisco:A5Zone

Related Commands

appletalk address
appletalk cable-range
show appletalk zone

clear appletalk arp

To delete all entries or a specified entry from the AARP table, use the clear appletalk arp EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Example

The following example deletes all entries from the router's AARP table:

clear appletalk arp

Related Command

show appletalk arp

clear appletalk neighbor

To delete all entries or a specified entry from the neighbor table, use the clear appletalk neighbor EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

You cannot clear the entry for an active neighbor, that is, for a neighbor that still has RTMP connectivity.

Example

The following example deletes the neighboring router 1.129 from the neighbor table:

clear appletalk neighbor 1.129

Related Command

show appletalk neighbors

clear appletalk route

To delete entries from the routing table, use the clear appletalk route EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Example

The following example deletes the route to network 1:

clear appletalk route 1

Related Command

show appletalk route

clear appletalk traffic

To reset AppleTalk traffic counters, use the clear appletalk traffic EXEC command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Sample Display

The following is sample output after a clear appletalk traffic command was executed.

Router# clear appletalk traffic
Router# show appletalk traffic
AppleTalk statistics:
  Rcvd:  0 total, 0 checksum errors, 0 bad hop count
         0 local destination, 0 access denied
         0 for MacIP, 0 bad MacIP, 0 no client
         0 port disabled, 0 no listener
         0 ignored, 0 martians
  Bcast: 0 received, 0 sent
  Sent:  0 generated, 0 forwarded, 0 fast forwarded, 0 loopback
         0 forwarded from MacIP, 0 MacIP failures
         0 encapsulation failed, 0 no route, 0 no source
  DDP:   0 long, 0 short, 0 macip, 0 bad size
  NBP:   0 received, 0 invalid, 0 proxies
         0 replies sent, 0 forwards, 0 lookups, 0 failures
  RTMP:  0 received, 0 requests, 0 invalid, 0 ignored
         0 sent, 0 replies
  EIGRP: 0 received, 0 hellos, 0 updates, 0 replies, 0 queries
         0 sent,     0 hellos, 0 updates, 0 replies, 0 queries
         0 invalid, 0 ignored
  ATP:   0 received
  ZIP:   0 received, 0 sent, 0 netinfo
  Echo:  0 received, 0 discarded, 0 illegal
         0 generated, 0 replies sent
  Responder:  0 received, 0 illegal, 0 unknown
AppleTalk statistics:
         0 replies sent, 0 failures
  AARP:  0 requests, 0 replies, 0 probes
         0 martians, 0 bad encapsulation, 0 unknown
         0 sent, 0 failures, 0 delays, 0 drops
  Lost: 0 no buffers
  Unknown: 0 packets
  Discarded: 0 wrong encapsulation, 0 bad SNAP discriminator

Table 15-38 describes the fields shown in the show appletalk traffic display.

Related Commands

show appletalk macip-traffic
show appletalk traffic

ping (privileged)

To check host reachability and network connectivity, use the ping privileged EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

Privileged EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The privileged ping (packet internet groper function) command provides a complete ping facility for users who have system privileges. The ping command sends Apple Echo Protocol (AEP) datagrams to other AppleTalk nodes to verify connectivity and measure round-trip times.

Only an interface that supports HearSelf can respond to packets generated at a local console and directed to an interface on the same router. Our routers only support HearSelf on Ethernet.

If the system cannot map an address for a host name, it will return an "%Unrecognized host or address" error message.

To abort a ping session, type the escape sequence. By default, this is Ctrl-^ X. You enter this by simultaneously pressing the Ctrl, Shift, and 6 keys, letting go, and then pressing the X key.

Table 15-2 describes the test characters displayed in ping responses.

Sample Display of a Standard Ping

The following display shows a sample standard appletalk ping session:

Router# ping
Protocol [ip]: appletalk
Target Appletalk address: 1024.128
Repeat count [5]:
Datagram size [100]:
Timeout in seconds [2]:
Verbose [n]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]: 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte AppleTalk Echos to 1024.128, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent, round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/8 ms

Sample Display Using Ping in Verbose Mode

When you answer y in response to the prompt Verbose [n], ping runs in verbose mode. The following display shows a sample appletalk ping session when verbose mode is enabled:

Router# ping
Protocol [ip]: appletalk
Target AppleTalk address: 4.129
Repeat count [5]:
Datagram size [100]:
Timeout in seconds [2]:
Verbose [n]: y
Sweep range of sizes [n]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte AppleTalk Echos to 4.129, timeout is 2 seconds:
0 in 4 ms from 4.129 via 1 hop
1 in 8 ms from 4.129 via 1 hop
2 in 4 ms from 4.129 via 1 hop
3 in 8 ms from 4.129 via 1 hop
4 in 8 ms from 4.129 via 1 hop
Success rate is 100 percent, round-trip min/avg/max = 4/6/8 ms

Table 15-3 describes the fields in the verbose mode portion of the display.

Sample Display of NBP Ping and the Nbptest Facility

The AppleTalk ping command allows testing and informational lookup of NBP-registered entities. Use the NBP option when you find that AppleTalk zones are listed in the Chooser, but services in these zones are unavailable. When you enter nbp in response to the Target AppleTalk address prompt, ping starts the nbptest facility, which is an interactive, menu-driven facility. Type help or ? to see the command list. Type quit to return to the EXEC prompt.

The following display shows how to initialize the AppleTalk nbptest utility:

Router# ping
Protocol [ip]: appletalk
Target AppleTalk address: nbp
nbptest>

Type help to display the following list of available commands:

nbptest> help
Tests are:
lookup:	     lookup an NVE. prompt for name, type and zone
parms:	      display/change lookup parms (ntimes, ncecs, interval)
zones:	      display zones
poll: 	      for every zone, lookup all devices, using default
help|?:	     print command list
quit: 	      exit nbptest

The following paragraphs summarize the nbptest tests that you can perform:

• lookup--Searches for NBP entities in a specific zone.

• parms--Sets the parameters used in subsequent lookup and pool tests.

• zones--Displays the router's current zone list. It is equivalent to the show appletalk zone command.

• poll--Searches for all devices in all zones.

• help or ?--Displays the list of nbptest tests.

• quit--exit from the nbptest facility.

The remainder of this section shows and explains the output of the various nbptest commands.

When running any of the nbptest tests, you specify a nonprinting character by entering a three-character string that is the hexadecimal equivalent of the character. For example, type :c5 to specify the NBP truncation wildcard.

The following display shows sample output of the nbptest lookup command:

nbptest> lookup
Entity name [=]:
Type of Service [ipgateway]: macintosh:c5
Zone [bldg-17]: engineering
(100n,50a,253s)[1]: 'userA:Macintosh IIcx@engineering'
(100n,16a,251s)[1]: 'userB:Macintosh II@engineering'
(200n,24a,253s)[1]: 'userC:Macintosh IIci@engineering'
(200n,36a,251s)[1]: 'userD:Macintosh II@engineering'
(300n,21a,252s)[1]: 'userE:Macintosh SE/30@engineering'
NBP lookup request timed out
Processed 6 replies, 7 events

Table 15-4 describes the fields shown in the display.

nbptest> parms
maxrequests [5]:1
maxreplies [1]:100
interval [5]:10

Table 15-5 describes the fields shown in the display.

nbptest> zones
Name	                   Network(s)
UDP	                    17 11
Heavenly	               1161 6
Hostipal	               55
Bldg-17	                82 81 14 13
CSL EtherTalk	          22
Twilight	               1554 254 36 33 4
EtherTalk 	             22
LocalTalk	              80
Total of 9 zones

Table 15-6 describes the fields shown in the display.

nbptest> poll
poll: sent 2 lookups
(100n,82a,252s)[1]: 'userA:Macintosh IIci@Zone one'
(200n,75a,254s)[1]: 'userB:Macintosh IIcx@Zone two'
NBP polling completed.
Processed 2 replies, 2 events

Table 15-7 describes the fields shown in the display.

Related Commands

ping (privileged)
show appletalk zone

ping (user)

To check host reachability and network connectivity, use the ping user EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The user ping (packet internet groper function) command provides a basic ping facility for users who do not have system privileges. This command is equivalent to the nonverbose form of the privileged ping command. It sends five 100-byte ping packets. The ping command sends Apple Echo Protocol (AEP) datagrams to other AppleTalk nodes to verify connectivity and measure round-trip times.

Only an interface that supports HearSelf can respond to packets generated at a local console and directed to an interface on the same router. Our routers support only HearSelf on Ethernet.

If the system cannot map an address for a host name, it will return an "%Unrecognized host or address" error message.

To abort a ping session, type the escape sequence. By default, this is Ctrl-^ X. You enter this by simultaneously pressing the Ctrl, Shift, and 6 keys, letting go, and then pressing the X key.

Table 15-8 describes the test characters displayed in ping responses.

Sample Display

The following display shows input to and output from the user ping command.

Router> ping appletalk 1024.128
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte AppleTalk Echoes to 1024.128, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent, round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/8 ms

Related Command

show appletalk access-lists

show appletalk access-lists

To display the AppleTalk access lists currently defined, use the show appletalk access-lists user EXEC command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk access-lists command:

Router> show appletalk access-lists
AppleTalk access list 601:
         permit zone ZoneA
         permit zone ZoneB
         deny additional-zones
         permit network 55
         permit network 500
         permit cable-range 900-950
         deny includes 970-990
         permit within 991-995
         deny other-access

Table 15-9 describes fields shown in the display.

Related Commands

access-list additional zones
access-list cable-range
access-list includes
access-list nbp
access-list network
access-list other-access
access-list other-nbps
access-list within
access-list zones
appletalk access-group
appletalk distribute-list in
appletalk distribute-list out
appletalk getzonelist-filter

show appletalk adjacent-routes

To display routes to networks that are directly connected or that are one hop away, use the show appletalk adjacent-routes privileged EXEC command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

Privileged EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The show appletalk adjacent-routes command provides a quick overview of the local environment that is especially useful when an AppleTalk internet consists of a large number of networks (typically, more then 600 networks).

You can use information provided by this command to determine if any local routes are missing or are misconfigured.

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk adjacent-routes command:

Router# show appletalk adjacent-routes
Codes: R - RTMP derived, E - EIGRP derived, C - connected, S - static, P - proxy, 67 routes in internet
R Net 29-29 [1/G] via gatekeeper, 0 sec, Ethernet0, zone Engineering
C Net 2501-2501 directly connected, Ethernet1, no zone set
C Net 4160-4160 directly connected, Ethernet0, zone Low End SW Lab
C Net 4172-4172 directly connected, TokenRing0, zone Low End SW Lab
R Net 6160 [1/G] via urk, 0 sec, TokenRing0, zone Low End SW Lab

Table 15-10 describes the fields shown in the display.

show appletalk arp

To display the entries in the AARP cache, use the show appletalk arp privileged EXEC command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

Privileged EXEC

Usage Guidelines

ARP establishes associates between network addresses and hardware (MAC) addresses. This information is maintained in the router's ARP cache.

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk arp command:

Router# show appletalk arp
Address      Age (min)  Type      Hardware Addr   Encap     Interface
2000.1               -  Hardware  0000.0c04.1111  SNAP      Ethernet1
2000.2               0  Dynamic   0000.0c04.2222  SNAP      Ethernet1
2000.3               0  Dynamic   0000.0c04.3333  SNAP      Ethernet3
2000.4               -  Hardware  0000.0c04.4444  SNAP      Ethernet3

Table 15-11 describes the fields shown in the display.

show appletalk aurp events

To display the pending events in the AURP update-events queue, use the show appletalk aurp events privileged EXEC command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

Privileged EXEC

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk aurp events command:

Router# show appletalk aurp events 
100-100, NDC EVENT pending
17043-17043, ND EVENT pending

Table 15-12 explains the fields shown in the display.

show appletalk aurp topology

To display entries in the AURP private path database, which consists of all paths learned from exterior routers, use the show appletalk aurp topology privileged EXEC command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

Privileged EXEC

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk aurp topology command:

Router# show appletalk aurp topology
30
             via Tunnel0, 3 hops
80
             via Tunnel0, 3 hops
101-101
             via Tunnel0, 8 hops
102-102
             via Tunnel0, 8 hops
103-103
             via Tunnel0, 8 hops
104-104
             via Tunnel0, 8 hops
105-105
             via Tunnel0, 8 hops
108-108
             via Tunnel0, 8 hops
109-109
             via Tunnel0, 9 hops
120-120
             via Tunnel0, 10 hops
125-125
             via Tunnel0, 8 hops
169-169
             via Tunnel0, 7 hops
201-205
             via Tunnel0, 4 hops

Table 15-13 explains the field shown in the display.

show appletalk cache

To display the routes in the AppleTalk fast-switching table on an extended AppleTalk network, use the show appletalk cache EXEC command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The show appletalk cache command displays information for all fast-switching route cache entries, whether or not they are valid.

Route entries are removed from the fast-switching cache if one of the following occurs:

• A route that was used has been deleted but has not yet been marked bad.

• A route that was used has gone bad.

• A route that was used has been replaced with a new route with a better metric.

• The state of route to a neighbor has changed from suspect to bad.

• The hardware address corresponding to a node address in the AARP cache has changed.

• The node address corresponding to a hardware address has changed.

• The ARP cache has been flushed.

• An ARP cache entry has been deleted.

• You have entered the no appletalk routing, the appletalk route-cache, or an access-list command.

• The encapsulation on the line has changed.

• An interface has become operational or nonoperational.

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk cache command:

Router> show appletalk cache 
AppleTalk Routing Cache, * = active entry, cache version is 227
Destination     Interface     MAC Header
*      29.0     Ethernet0     00000C00008200000C00D8DD
*  1544.000     Ethernet1     AA000400013400000C000E8C809B84BE02
*    33.000     Ethernet1     AA000400013400000C000E8C809B84BE02

Table 15-14 describes the fields shown in the display.

Related Command

appletalk route-cache

show appletalk domain

To display all domain-related information, use the show appletalk domain EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

If you omit the argument domain-number, the show appletalk domain command displays information about all domains.

Sample Displays

The following is sample output from the show appletalk domain command:

Router# show appletalk domain
        AppleTalk   Domain   Information:
        Domain 1        Name : Xerxes
      ---------------------------------------
        State                : Active
        Inbound remap range  : 100-199
        Outbound remap range : 200-299
        Hop reduction        : OFF
        Interfaces in domain :
               Ethernet1     : Enabled
        Domain 2        Name : Desdemona
      ---------------------------------------
        Statue               : Active
        Inbound remap range  : 300-399
        Outbound remap range : 400-499
        Hop reduction        : OFF
        Interfaces in domain :
               Ethernet3     : Enabled

The following is sample output from the show appletalk domain command when you specify a domain number:

Router# show appletalk domain 1
        AppleTalk   Domain   Information:
        Domain 1        Name : Xerxes
      ---------------------------------------
        Statue               : Active
        Inbound remap range  : 100-199
        Outbound remap range : 200-299
        Hop reduction        : OFF
        Interfaces in domain :
               Ethernet1     : Enabled

Table 15-15 explains the fields shown in the displays.

Related Commands

appletalk domain-group
appletalk domain hop-reduction
appletalk domain name
appletalk domain remap-range

show appletalk eigrp interfaces

To display information about interfaces configured for Enhanced IGRP, use the show appletalk eigrp interfaces EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

Use the show appletalk eigrp interfaces command to determine on which interfaces Enhanced IGRP is active, and to find out information about Enhanced IGRP relating to those interfaces.

If an interface is specified, only that interface is displayed. Otherwise, all interfaces on which Enhanced IGRP is running are displayed.

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk eigrp interfaces command:

Router> show appletalk eigrp interfaces
AT/EIGRP interfaces for process 1, router id 24096
                    Xmit Queue    Mean   Pacing Time   Multicast   Pending
Interface   Peers   Un/Reliable   SRTT   Un/Reliable   Flow Timer  Routes
Di0           0         0/0          0      11/434          0          0
Et0           1         0/0        337       0/10           0          0
SE0:1.16      1         0/0         10       1/63         103          0
Tu0           1         0/0        330       0/16           0          0

Table 15-16 describes the fields shown in the display.

show appletalk eigrp neighbors

show appletalk eigrp neighbors

To display the neighbors discovered by Enhanced IGRP, use the show appletalk eigrp neighbors EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The show appletalk eigrp neighbors command lists only the neighbors running AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP. To list all neighboring AppleTalk routers, use the show appletalk neighbors command.

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk eigrp neighbors command:

Router# show appletalk eigrp neighbors 
AT/EIGRP Neighbors for process 1, router id 83
Address                 Interface     Holdtime Uptime   Q      Seq  SRTT  RTO
                                      (secs)   (h:m:s)  Count  Num  (ms)  (ms)
warp.Ethernet1          Ethernet2     41       0:02:48  0      282  4     20
master.Ethernet2        Ethernet2     40       1:16:46  0      333  4     20

Table 15-17 explains the fields shown in the display.

Related Commands

A dagger (⁺) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.

appletalk routing
show appletalk neighbors ⁺

show appletalk eigrp topology

To display the AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP topology table, use the show appletalk eigrp topology EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

All Enhanced IGRP routes that are received for a destination, regardless of metric, are placed in the topology table. The route to a destination that is currently in use is the first route listed. Routes that are listed as "connected" take precedence over any routes learned from any other source.

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk eigrp topology command:

Router# show appletalk eigrp topology 
IPX EIGRP Topology Table for process 1, router id 1
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply, 
       r - Reply status
P 3165-0, 1 successors, FD is 0
          via Redistributed (25601/0),
          via 100.1 (2198016/2195456), Fddi0
          via 4080.67 (2198016/53760), Serial4
P 3161-0, 1 successors, FD is 307200
          via Redistributed (1025850/0),
          via 100.1 (2198016/2195456), Fddi0
          via 4080.67 (2198016/1028410), Serial4
P 100-100, 1 successors, FD is 0
          via Connected, Fddi0
          via 4080.67 (2198016/28160), Serial4
P 4080-4080, 1 successors, FD is 0
          via Connected, Serial4
          via 100.1 (2172416/2169856), Fddi0

Table 15-18 explains the fields that may be displayed in the output.

Router# show appletalk eigrp topology 3165
AT-EIGRP topology entry for 3165-0 
State is Passive, Query origin flag is 1, 1 Successor(s) 
Routing Descriptor Blocks: 
0.0, from 0.0
 Composite metric is (25601/0), Send flag is 0x0, Route is Internal 
 Vector metric: 
  Minimum bandwidth is 2560000000 Kbit 
  Total delay is 1000000 nanoseconds 
  Reliability is 255/255 
  Load is 1/255 
  Minimum MTU is 1500 
  Hop count is 0 
100.1 (Fddi0), from 100.1
 Composite metric is (2198016/2195456), Send flag is 0x0, Route is External 
 Vector metric: 
  Minimum bandwidth is 1544 Kbit 
  Total delay is 21100000 nanoseconds 
  Reliability is 255/255 
  Load is 1/255 
  Minimum MTU is 1500 
  Hop count is 2 
4080.83 (Serial4), from 4080.83
   Composite metric is (2198016/53760), Send flag is 0x0, Route is Internal
   Vector metric:
   Minimum bandwidth is 1544 Kbit
   Total delay is 21100000 nanoseconds
   Reliability is 255/255
   Load is 1/255
   Minimum MTU is 1500
   Hop count is 2
 

Table 15-19 explains the fields that may be in the output.

Related Command

show appletalk route

show appletalk globals

To display information and settings about the router's AppleTalk internetwork and other parameters, use the show appletalk globals EXEC command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk globals command:

Router# show appletalk globals
AppleTalk global information:
      The router is a domain router.
      Internet is compatible with older, AT Phase1, routers.
      There are 67 routes in the internet.
      There are 25 zones defined.
      All significant events will be logged.
      ZIP resends queries every 10 seconds.
      RTMP updates are sent every 10 seconds.
      RTMP entries are considered BAD after 20 seconds.
      RTMP entries are discarded after 60 seconds.
      AARP probe retransmit count: 10, interval: 200.
      AARP request retransmit count: 5, interval: 1000.
      DDP datagrams will be checksummed.
      RTMP datagrams will be strictly checked.
      RTMP routes may not be propagated without zones.
      Alternate node address format will not be displayed.

Table 15-20 describes the fields shown in the display.

Related Commands

appletalk arp interval
appletalk arp retransmit-count
appletalk checksum
appletalk event-logging
appletalk lookup-type
appletalk name-lookup-interval
appletalk require-route-zones
appletalk strict-rtmp-checking

show appletalk interface

To display the status of the AppleTalk interfaces configured in the router and the parameters configured on each interface, use the show appletalk interface privileged EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

Privileged EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The show appletalk interface is particularly useful when you first enable AppleTalk on a router interface.

Sample Displays

The following is sample output from the show appletalk interface command for an extended AppleTalk network:

Router# show appletalk interface fddi 0
Fddi0 is up, line protocol is up
    AppleTalk cable range is 4199-4199
    AppleTalk address is 4199.82, Valid
    AppleTalk zone is "Low End SW Lab"
    AppleTalk address gleaning is enabled										
    AppleTalk route cache is enabled
    AppleTalk domain is 1 (Domain 1)
    Interface will perform pre-FDDITalk compatibility

Table 15-21 describes the fields shown in the display as well as some fields not shown but that also may be displayed. Note that this command can show a node name in addition to the address, depending on how the router has been configured with the appletalk lookup-type and appletalk name-lookup-interval commands.

Router# show appletalk interface ethernet 1
Ethernet 1 is up, line protocol is up
    AppleTalk address is 666.128, Valid
    AppleTalk zone is Underworld
    AppleTalk routing protocols enabled are RTMP
    AppleTalk address gleaning is enabled
    AppleTalk route cache is not initialized

Table 15-22 describes the fields shown in the display.

Router# show appletalk interface brief
Interface   Address     Config        Status/Line Protocol   Atalk Protocol
TokenRing0  108.36      Extended      up                     down
TokenRing1  unassigned  not config'd  administratively down  n/a
Ethernet0   10.82       Extended      up                     up
Serial0     unassigned  not config'd  administratively down  n/a
Ethernet1   30.83       Extended      up                     up
Serial1     unassigned  not config'd  administratively down  n/a
Serial2     unassigned  not config'd  administratively down  n/a
Serial3     unassigned  not config'd  administratively down  n/a
Serial4     unassigned  not config'd  administratively down  n/a
Serial5     unassigned  not config'd  administratively down  n/a
Fddi0       50001.82    Extended      administratively down  down
Ethernet2   unassigned  not config'd  up                     n/a
Ethernet3   9993.137    Extended      up                     up
Ethernet4   40.82       Non-Extended  up                     up
Ethernet5   unassigned  not config'd  administratively down  n/a
Ethernet6   unassigned  not config'd  administratively down  n/a
Ethernet7   unassigned  not config'd  administratively down  n/a

Table 15-23 describes the fields shown in the display.

Router#sh app int e 2
Ethernet2 is up, line protocol is up
  AppleTalk cable range is 30-30
  AppleTalk address is 30.1, Valid
  AppleTalk zone is "Zone30-30"
  AppleTalk address gleaning is disabled
  AppleTalk route cache is enabled
  AppleTalk RTMP stub mode is enabled

Related Commands

appletalk access-group
appletalk address
appletalk cable-range
appletalk client-mode
appletalk discovery
appletalk distribute-list in
appletalk distribute-list out
appletalk free-trade-zone
appletalk getzonelist-filter
appletalk glean-packets
appletalk pre-fdditalk
appletalk protocol
appletalk route-cache
appletalk rtmp-stub
appletalk send-rtmps
appletalk zip-reply-filter
appletalk zone

show appletalk macip-clients

To display status information about all known MacIP clients, use the show appletalk macip-clients EXEC command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk macip-clients command:

Router# show appletalk macip-clients
131.108.199.1@[27001n,69a,72s] 45 secs    'S/W Test Lab'

Table 15-24 describes the fields shown in the display.

Related Command

show appletalk traffic

show appletalk macip-servers

To display status information about a router's servers, use the show appletalk macip-servers EXEC command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The information in the show appletalk macip-servers display can help you quickly determine the status of your MacIP configuration. In particular, the STATE field can help identify problems in your AppleTalk environment.

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk macip-servers command:

Router# show appletalk macip-servers
MACIP SERVER 1, IP 131.108.199.221,  ZONE 'S/W Test Lab' STATE is server_up
Resource #1 DYNAMIC 131.108.199.1-131.108.199.10, 1/10 IP in use
Resource #2 STATIC 131.108.199.11-131.108.199.20, 0/10 IP in use

Table 15-25 describes the fields shown in the display.

Use the show appletalk macip-servers command with show appletalk interface to identify AppleTalk network problems, as follows.

Step 1 Determine the state of the MacIP server using show macip-servers. If the STATE field continues to indicate an anomalous status (something other than "server_up," such as "resource_wait" or "zone_wait"), there is a problem.

Step 2 Determine the status of AppleTalk routing and the specific interface using the show appletalk interface command.

Step 3 If the protocol and interface are up, check the MacIP configuration commands for inconsistencies in the IP address and zone.

The STATE field of the show appletalk macip-servers command indicates the current state of each configured MacIP server. Each server operates according to the finite-state machine table described in Table 15-26. Table 15-27 describes the state functions listed in Table 15-26. These are the states that are displayed by the show appletalk macip-servers command.

Related Commands

appletalk macip dynamic
appletalk macip server
appletalk macip static
show appletalk interface
show appletalk traffic

show appletalk macip-traffic

To display statistics about MacIP traffic through the router, use the show appletalk macip-traffic privileged EXEC command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

Privileged EXEC

Usage Guidelines

Use the show appletalk macip-traffic command to obtain a detailed breakdown of MacIP traffic that is sent through a router from an AppleTalk to an IP network. The output from this command differs from that of the show appletalk traffic command, which shows normal AppleTalk traffic generated, received, or routed by the router.

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk macip-traffic command:

Router# show appletalk macip-traffic
 -- MACIP Statistics
                  MACIP_DDP_IN:    11062
              MACIP_DDP_IP_OUT:    10984
   MACIP_DDP_NO_CLIENT_SERVICE:       78
                   MACIP_IP_IN:     7619
              MACIP_IP_DDP_OUT:     7619
               MACIP_SERVER_IN:       62
              MACIP_SERVER_OUT:       52
          MACIP_SERVER_BAD_ATP:       10
        MACIP_SERVER_ASSIGN_IN:       26
       MACIP_SERVER_ASSIGN_OUT:       26
          MACIP_SERVER_INFO_IN:       26
         MACIP_SERVER_INFO_OUT:       26

Table 15-28 describes the fields shown in the display.

Related Command

show appletalk traffic

show appletalk name-cache

To display a list of NBP services offered by nearby routers and other devices that support NBP, use the show appletalk name-cache privileged EXEC command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

Privileged EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The show appletalk name-cache command displays the information currently in the NBP name cache.

Support for names allows you to easily identify and determine the status of any associated device. This can be important in AppleTalk internetworks where node numbers are dynamically generated.

You can authorize the show appletalk name-cache command to display any AppleTalk services of interest in local zones. This contrasts with the show appletalk nbp command, which you use to display services registered by the router.

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk name-cache command:

Router# show appletalk name-cache
AppleTalk Name Cache:
Net     Adr  Skt  Name                 Type             Zone
4160    19   8    gatekeeper           SNMP Agent       Underworld
4160    19   254  gatekeeper.Ether4    ciscoRouter      Underworld
4160    86   8    bones                SNMP Agent       Underworld
4160    86   72   131.108.160.78       IPADDRESS        Underworld
4160    86   254  bones.Ethernet0      IPGATEWAY        Underworld

Table 15-29 describes the fields shown in the display.

Related Command

show appletalk nbp

show appletalk nbp

To display the contents of the NBP name registration table, use the show appletalk nbp EXEC command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The show appletalk nbp command lets you identify specific AppleTalk nodes. It displays services registered by the router. In contrast, use the show appletalk name-cache command to display any AppleTalk services of interest in local zones.

Routers with active AppleTalk interfaces register each interface separately. The router generates a unique interface NBP name by appending the interface type name and unit number to the router name. For example, for the router named "router" that has AppleTalk enabled on Ethernet interface 0 in the zone Marketing, the NBP registered name is as follows:

router.Ethernet0:ciscoRouter@Marketing

Registering each interface on the router provides you with an indication that the router is configured and operating properly.

One name is registered for each interface. Other service types are registered once for each zone.

The router deregisters the NBP name if AppleTalk is disabled on the interface for any reason.

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk nbp command:

Router# show appletalk nbp
Net  Adr Skt Name                    Type            Zone
4160 211 254 pag.Ethernet0           ciscoRouter     Low End SW Lab
4160 211   8 pag                     SNMP Agent      Low End SW Lab
4172  84 254 pag.TokenRing0          ciscoRouter     LES Tokenring
4172  84   8 pag                     SNMP Agent      LES Tokenring
200  75 254 myrouter. Ethernet1      			ciscoRouter     Marketing    *

Table 15-30 describes the fields shown in the display as well as some fields not shown but that also may be displayed.

Related Command

show appletalk name-cache

show appletalk neighbors

To display information about the AppleTalk routers that are directly connected to any of the networks to which this router is directly connected, use the show appletalk neighbors EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

If no neighbor address is specified, this command displays information about all AppleTalk routers.

The local router determines the AppleTalk network topology from its neighboring routers and learns from them most of the other information it needs to support the AppleTalk protocols.

Sample Displays

The following is sample output from the show appletalk neighbors command:

Router# show appletalk neighbors
AppleTalk neighbors:
  17037.2      anger.Ethernet0/0        Ethernet0/0, uptime 8:33:27, 2 secs
            Neighbor is reachable as a RTMP peer
  17037.108     Ethernet0/0, uptime 8:33:21, 7 secs
            Neighbor is reachable as a RTMP peer
  17037.248     Ethernet0/0, uptime 8:33:30, 4 secs
            Neighbor is reachable as a RTMP peer
  17046.2      anger.Ethernet0/1        Ethernet0/1, uptime 8:33:27, 2 secs
            Neighbor is reachable as a RTMP peer
  17435.87     firewall.Ethernet0/0     Ethernet0/3, uptime 8:33:27, 6 secs
            Neighbor is reachable as a RTMP peer
  17435.186    the-wall.Ethernet0       Ethernet0/3, uptime 8:33:24, 5 secs
            Neighbor is reachable as a RTMP peer
  17435.233    teach-gw.Ethernet0       Ethernet0/3, uptime 8:33:24, 7 secs
            Neighbor is reachable as a RTMP peer
  17036.1      other-gw.Ethernet5 Ethernet0/5, uptime 8:33:29, 9 secs
            Neighbor is reachable as a RTMP peer
  4021.5       boojum.Hssi4/0   Hssi1/0, uptime 10:49:02, 0 secs
        Neighbor has restarted 1 time in 8:33:11.
            Neighbor is reachable as a static peer

Table 15-31 describes the fields shown in this display. Depending on the configuration of the appletalk lookup-type and appletalk name-lookup-interval commands, a node name as well as a node address also may be shown in this display.

Router# show appletalk neighbors 69.163
Neighbor 69.163, Ethernet0, uptime 268:00:52, last update 7 secs ago
  We have sent queries for 299 nets via 214 packets.
  Last query was sent 4061 secs ago.
  We received 152 replies and 0 extended replies.
  We have received queries for 14304 nets in 4835 packets.
  We sent 157 replies and 28 extended replies.
  We received 0 ZIP notifies.
  We received 0 obsolete ZIP commands.
  We received 4 miscellaneous ZIP commands.
  We received 0 unrecognized ZIP commands.
  We have received 92943 routing updates.
  Of the 92943 valid updates, 1320 entries were invalid.
  We received 1 routing update which were very late.
  Last update had 0 extended and 2 nonextended routes.
  Last update detail: 2 old

Table 15-32 describes the fields shown in this display. Depending on the configuration of the appletalk lookup-type and appletalk name-lookup-interval commands, a node name as well as a node address can be shown in this display.

Related Commands

appletalk lookup-type
appletalk name-lookup-interval

show appletalk remap

To display domain remapping information, use the show appletalk remap EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

If you omit all options keywords and arguments, the show appletalk remap command displays all remapping information about all domains.

Sample Displays

The following is sample output from the show appletalk remap command:

Router# show appletalk remap
       AppleTalk   Remapping  Table :
       ------------------------------
       Domain 1 : Domain 1   State : Active
       ------------------------------------------
       Direction : IN
       Domain Net(Cable)       Remapped to         Status
       3     - 3               100   - 100          Good
        Direction : OUT
       Domain Net(Cable)       Remapped to         Status
       1     - 1               200   - 200          Good
       Domain 2 : Domain 2   State : Active
       ------------------------------------------
       Direction : IN
       Domain Net(Cable)       Remapped to         Status
       Direction : OUT
       Domain Net(Cable)       Remapped to         Status
       2     - 2               400   - 400          Good
       100   - 100             401   - 401          Good

The following is sample output from the show appletalk remap command when you specify a domain number:

Router# show appletalk remap domain 1 
       AppleTalk   Remapping  Table :
       ------------------------------
       Domain 1 : Domain 1   State : Active
       ------------------------------------------
       Direction : IN
       Domain Net(Cable)       Remapped to         Status
       3     - 3               100   - 100          Good
       Direction : OUT
       Domain Net(Cable)       Remapped to         Status
       1     - 1               201   - 201          Good

The following is sample output from the show appletalk remap command to display inbound remappings for AppleTalk network 100:

Router# show appletalk remap domain 1 in from 100
       AppleTalk   Remapping  Table :
             ------------------------------
For the Remap 100  the Domain  net is 3

Table 15-33 explains the fields shown in the display.

Related Command

appletalk domain remap-range

show appletalk route

To display all entries or specified entries in the AppleTalk routing table, use the show appletalk route EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

If you omit the arguments, this command displays all entries in the routing table.

Sample Displays

The following is sample output from the show appletalk route command for a nonextended AppleTalk network:

Router#  show appletalk route
Codes: R - RTMP derived, E - EIGRP derived, C - connected, A - AURP
P - proxy, S - static
5 routes in internet
C Net 258 directly connected, 1431 uses, Ethernet0, zone Twilight
R Net 6 [1/G] via 258.179, 8 sec, 0 uses, Ethernet0, zone The O
C Net 11 directly connected, 472 uses, Ethernet1, zone No Parking
R Net 2154 [1/G] via 258.179, 8 sec, 6892 uses, Ethernet0, zone LocalTalk
S Net 1111 via 258.144, 0 uses, Ethernet0, no zone set
[hops/state] state can be one of G:Good, S:Suspect, B:Bad

The following is sample output from the show appletalk route command for an extended AppleTalk network:

Router#  show appletalk route
Codes: R - RTMP derived, E - EIGRP derived, C - connected, A - AURP
P - proxy, S - static
5 routes in internet
E Net 10000 -10000 [1/G] via 300.199, 275 sec, Ethernet2, zone France
R Net 890 [2/G] via 4.129, 1 sec, Ethernet0, zone release lab
R Net 901 [2/G] via 4.129, 1 sec, Ethernet0, zone Dave's House
C Net 999-999 directly connected, Serial3, zone Magnolia Estates
R Net 2003 [4/G] via 80.129, 6 sec, Ethernet4, zone Bldg-13

Table 15-34 describes the fields shown in the two displays as well as some fields not shown but that also may be displayed. Depending on the configuration of the global configuration commands appletalk lookup-type and appletalk name-lookup-interval, a node name may appear in this display instead of a node address.

Router#  show appletalk route 69
Codes: R - RTMP derived, E - EIGRP derived, C - connected, A - AURP
P - proxy, S - static
The first zone listed for each entry is its default (primary) zone.
R Net 69-69 [2/G] via gatekeeper, 0 sec, Ethernet0, zone Empty Guf
Route installed 125:20:21, updated 0 secs ago
Next hop: gatekeeper, 2 hops away
Zone list provided by gatekeeper
Route has been updated since last RTMP was sent
Valid zones: "Empty Guf"

Table 15-35 describes the fields shown in the display.

Related Commands

appletalk lookup-type
appletalk name-lookup-interval
appletalk proxy-nbp
clear appletalk route

show appletalk sockets

To display all information or specified information about process-level operation in the sockets of an AppleTalk interface, use the show appletalk sockets privileged EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

Privileged EXEC

Usage Guidelines

If no socket number is specified, this command displays information about all sockets.

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk sockets command when you do not specify a socket number:

Router# show appletalk sockets
Socket   Name      Owner          Waiting/Processed
1        RTMP      AT RTMP          0    148766
2        NIS       AT NBP           0    15642
4        AEP       AT Maintenance   0    0
6        ZIP       AT ZIP           0    13619
8        SNMP       AT SNMP           0    0
10	       SMRP      SMRP Input       0    56393     
253      PingServ  AT Maintenance   0    0

The following is sample output from the show appletalk sockets command when you do specify a socket number:

Router# show appletalk sockets 6
6        ZIP       AT ZIP           0    13619

Table 15-36 describes the fields shown in these displays.

show appletalk static

To display information about the statically defined routes, including floating static routes, use the show appletalk static EXEC command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk static command:

Router# show appletalk static
    AppleTalk    Static    Entries
---------------------------------------
Network	     NextIR     Zone     Status
100-109     1.10       	Zone100   A
200         1.10       Zone200   A
300-309     1.10       Zone300   A(Floating)
			

Table 15-37 describes the fields shown in the display.

Related Commands

appletalk static cable-range
appletalk static network
show appletalk neighbors
show appletalk route

show appletalk traffic

To display statistics about AppleTalk traffic, including MacIP traffic, use the show appletalk traffic EXEC command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

For MacIP traffic, an IP alias is established for each MacIP client and for the IP address of the MacIP server if it does not match an existing IP interface address. To display the client aliases, use the
show ip aliases command.

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk traffic command:

Router# show appletalk traffic
AppleTalk statistics:
  Rcvd:  357471 total, 0 checksum errors, 264 bad hop count
         321006 local destination, 0 access denied
         0 for MacIP, 0 bad MacIP, 0 no client
         13510 port disabled, 2437 no listener
         0 ignored, 0 martians
  Bcast: 191881 received, 270406 sent
  Sent:  550293 generated, 66495 forwarded, 1840 fast forwarded, 0 loopback
         0 forwarded from MacIP, 0 MacIP failures
         436 encapsulation failed, 0 no route, 0 no source
  DDP:   387265 long, 0 short, 0 macip, 0 bad size
  NBP:   302779 received, 0 invalid, 0 proxies
         57875 replies sent, 59947 forwards, 418674 lookups, 432 failures
  RTMP:  108454 received, 0 requests, 0 invalid, 40189 ignored
         90170 sent, 0 replies
  EIGRP: 0 received, 0 hellos, 0 updates, 0 replies, 0 queries
         0 sent,     0 hellos, 0 updates, 0 replies, 0 queries
         0 invalid, 0 ignored
  AURP: 0 Open Requests, 0 Router Downs
        0 Routing Information sent, 0 Routing Information received
        0 Zone Information sent, 0 Zone Information received
        0 Get Zone Nets sent, 0 Get Zone Nets received
        0 Get Domain Zone List sent, 0 Get Domain Zone List received
AppleTalk statistics:
        0 bad sequence
  ATP:   0 received
  ZIP:   13619 received, 33633 sent, 32 netinfo
  Echo:  0 received, 0 discarded, 0 illegal
         0 generated, 0 replies sent
  Responder:  0 received, 0 illegal, 0 unknown
         0 replies sent, 0 failures
  AARP:  85 requests, 149 replies, 100 probes
         84 martians, 0 bad encapsulation, 0 unknown
         278 sent, 0 failures, 29 delays, 315 drops
  Lost: 0 no buffers
  Unknown: 0 packets
  Discarded: 130475 wrong encapsulation, 0 bad SNAP discriminator

Table 15-38 describes the fields shown in the display.

Related Commands

A dagger (⁺) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.

clear appletalk traffic
show appletalk macip-traffic
show ip aliases ⁺

show appletalk zone

To display all entries or specified entries in the zone information table, use the show appletalk zone EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

If no zone name is specified, the command displays all entries in the zone information table.

You can use this command on extended and nonextended networks.

A zone name can be associated with multiple network addresses or cable ranges, or both. There is not a one-to-one correspondence between a zone name and a local-area network (LAN); a zone name may correspond to one or more networks (LANs or network interfaces). This means that a zone name will effectively replace multiple network addresses in zone filtering. This is reflected in the output of the show appletalk zone command. For example, the zone named Mt. View 1 in the sample display below is associated with two network numbers and four cable ranges.

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show appletalk zone command:

Router# show appletalk zone
Name                   Network(s)
Gates of Hell          666-666
Engineering            3 29-29 4042-4042
customer eng           19-19
CISCO IP               4140-4140
Dave's House           3876 3924 5007
Narrow Beam            4013-4013 4023-4023 4037-4037 4038-4038
Low End SW Lab         6160 4172-4172 9555-9555 4160-4160
Tir'n na'Og            199-199
Mt. View 1             7010-7010 7122 7142 7020-7020 7040-7040 7060-7060
Mt. View 2             7152 7050-7050
UDP                    1112-12
Empty Guf              69-69
Light                  80
europe                 2010 3010 3034 5004
Bldg-13                4032 5026 61669 3012 3025 3032 5025 5027
Bldg-17                3004 3024 5002 5006

Table 15-39 describes the fields shown in the display.

The following is sample output from the show appletalk zone command when you specify a zone name:

Router# show appletalk zone CISCO IP
AppleTalk Zone Information for CISCO IP:
  Valid for nets: 4140-4140
  Not associated with any interface.
  Not associated with any access list.

Related Command

appletalk zone

show smrp forward

To display all entries or specific entries in the SMRP forwarding table, use the show smrp forward EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The SMRP forwarding table describes the relationship between the SMRP router and the distribution tree for each SMRP group on the Internet. An SMRP router has an entry in this table for every SMRP group for which the router is forwarding data. When data for an SMRP group arrives on the parent interface, it is forwarded to each child interface.

Looking at child and parent interfaces in relation to members of an SMRP group, a child interface is a neighbor that is farther away from the SMRP creator node and a parent interface is one that is closer to the creator node.

If no SMRP group address is specified, then the show smrp forward command displays information for all entries in the SMRP forwarding table. For all entries, the show smrp forward command displays the SMRP group address, the state of the SMRP group, the parent interface and address, and one or more child interfaces and addresses.

If an SMRP group address is specified, the command displays additional information for that group showing the child count, the time elapsed since the entry was updated, and the next poll time.

Sample Displays

The following is sample output from the show smrp forward command showing all entries:

Router# show smrp forward 
SMRP Forwarding Table 
Group       State           Parent                   Child
Address             Interface     Address   Interface     Address
------------------------------------------------------------------
AT 1.2      Fwd     Ethernet2       20.3      Ethernet3     30.2 
AT 10.1     Fwd     Ethernet2       20.4      Ethernet4     40.2
AT 30.1     Fwd     Ethernet3       30.1      Ethernet2     20.2

The following is sample output from the show smrp forward command with the appletalk keyword and an SMRP group address specified:

Router# show smrp forward appletalk 10.1
Group        State          Parent                   Child
Address             Interface     Address   Interface     Address
----------------------------------------------------------------
AT 10.1      Fwd     Ethernet2      20.4      Ethernet4     40.2
Child count: 1
Elapsed update time: 01:15:32
Next poll time (sec): 3

Table 15-40 describes the fields shown in the displays.

show smrp globals

To display global information about SMRP--such as whether SMRP is enabled and running and settings for timers, most of which are used internally--use the show smrp globals EXEC command.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show smrp globals command:

Router# show smrp globals
SMRP global information:
  SMRP is running.
  Maximum number of retries for requests is 4 times.
  Request transactions are sent every 10 seconds.
  Response transactions are sent every 100 seconds.
  Creators are polled every 60 seconds.
  Members are polled every 30 seconds.
  Hellos are sent every 10 seconds.
  Neighbors are down after not being heard from for 30 seconds.
  Poisoned routes purged after 60 seconds.
  Primary requests sent every 1 second.
  Secondary requests sent every 1 second.

Table 15-41 describes the global information shown in the display.