• VT-100/ANSI compatible
• Arrow keys enabled
• 9,600 baud
• 8 data bits
• No parity
• One stop bit

The console interface makes use of the following conventions:

Please note that the command APPLY only applies for the current session. Use Save Changes from the main menu for permanent changes. An asterisk “*” indicates a change has been made but won’t take effect until the Switch has been rebooted.

The Switch supports user-based security that can allow you to prevent unauthorized users from accessing the Switch or changing its settings. This section tells how to log onto the Switch.

When you first connect to the Switch, you will be presented with the first login screen (shown below). Press Ctrl+R (hold down the Ctrl key, press the R key, and release both keys) to call up the screen, if the initial login screen does not appear. Also Ctrl+R can be used at any time to refresh the screen.

Press <Enter> or <Return> in the username and password fields. You will be given access to the main menu shown below:

The first user automatically gets Administrator privileges (See Table 6-1). It is recommended to create at least one Administrator-level user for the Switch.

From the screen above, move the cursor to the User Accounts Management menu and press Enter, then the Users Accounts Management menu appears.

1. Choose Create/Modify User Accounts from the User Accounts Management menu and the Add/Modify User Accounts menu appears.
1. Enter the new user name, assign an initial password, and then confirm the new password. Determine whether the new user should have Administrator or Normal User privileges. (Use the space bar to toggle between the two options).
1. Press APPLY to let the user addition take effect.
1. Press Esc. to return to the previous screen or Ctrl+T to go to the root screen.
2. To see a listing of all user accounts and access levels, press Esc. Then choose View/Delete User Accounts. The View/Delete User Accounts screen appears.

There are two levels of user privileges: Administrator and Normal User. Some menu selections available to users with Administrator privileges may not be available to Normal Users. The main menus shown are the menus for the two types of users:

The following table summarizes Administrator and Normal User privileges:

After establishing a User Account with Administrator-level privileges, press Esc. twice. Then choose the Save Changes menu (see below). Pressing any key will return to the main menu. You are now ready to operate the Switch.

The Switch has two levels of memory normal RAM and non-volatile or NV-RAM. Settings need to be changed in all screens by clicking on the Apply button. When this is done, the settings will be immediately applied to the switching software in RAM, and will immediately take effect. Some settings, though, require you to restart the Switch before they will take effect. Restarting the Switch will erase all settings in RAM and reload them from the NV-RAM. Thus, it is necessary to save all settings to the NV-RAM before restarting the Switch.

In order to retain any modifications made in the current session, it is necessary to choose Save Changes from the main menu. The following screen will appear to indicate your new settings have been processed:

After the settings have been saved to NV-RAM, they will become the default settings for the Switch, and they will be used every time it is powered on, reset or rebooted. The only exception to this is a factory reset, which will clear all settings and restore them to their initial values listed in Appendix D, which were present when the Switch was purchased.

To log in once you have created a registered user,

1. Type in your username and press Enter.
1. Type in your password and press Enter.
1. The main menu screen will be displayed based on your Administrator or Normal User access level or privilege.

To add or change your user password:

This method can also be used by an Administrator-level user to change another user’s password.

Only users with the Administrator privilege can delete users.

To view a user account:

Choose View/Delete User Accounts from the User Accounts Management menu. The following screen appears:

To delete your user password:

1. Toggle the Delete field of the user you wish to remove to Yes.

2. Press APPLY to let the user deletion take effect.

Choose Configure IP Address to access the first item on the System Configuration menu. The following screen appears:

The fields listed under the Current Settings heading are those that are presently being used by the Switch. Those fields listed under the Restart Settings heading will be used after the Switch has been reset. Fields that can be set include:

You can use the Console Options screen to choose whether to use the Switch’s RS-232C serial port for console management or for out-of-band TCP/IP communications using SLIP, and to set the bit rate used for SLIP communications. Note that the DES-3624i has an RS-232C serial port but the DES-3624 does not.

Choose Configure Console to access the last item on the System Configuration menu. The following screen appears:

The following fields can be set:

• Console Timeout This setting for the restart of the console is 15 mins, 30 mins, 45 mins, 60 mins, or Never.

• Serial Port Determines whether the serial port should be used for out-of-band (SLIP) management or for console management, starting from the next time the Switch is restarted. In this field, you can toggle between SLIP or console port type settings.

• Baud Rate Determines the serial port bit rate that will be used the next time the Switch is restarted. Applies only when the serial port is being used for out-of-band (SLIP) management; it does not apply when the port is used for the console port. Available speeds are 2400, 9600, 19,200 and 38,400 bits per second. The default setting in this Switch version is 9600.

The top of the screen displays the current settings for Console Timeout and Serial Port as well as the Baud Rate, Character Size, and Stop Bit for Out of Band and Console settings, respectively.

The Switch Stack Configuration screen shows various pieces of information about your Switch, and allows you to set the System Name, System Location, and System Contact. These settings can be retrieved from the Switch using SNMP requests, allowing these settings to be used for network management purposes.

Choose Configure Switch Stack to access the second item on the System Configuration menu. The following screen appears:

The fields you can set are:

The Configure Advanced Switch Features screen allows you to set an expiration time for MAC address entries and enable or disable auto-partitioning on all ports. Press ADVANCE SETTINGS on the Switch Stack Configuration screen to access the Configure Advanced Switch Features screen:

The fields you can set are:

• Port Auto-Partition Capability on All Ports When this function is enabled, if too many consecutive collisions occur on an individual port, the port will be blocked off until a good packet is seen on the wire. If a port is partitioned, the Switch can only transmit data, not receive it.
• Head Of Line (HOL) Blocking Prevention Enables or disables Head-Of-Line Blocking Prevention. Head-of Line blocking occurs when a packet originating on Port 1, for instance, needs to be forwarded to Ports 2 and 3. If Port 2 is occupied (causing the packet to be held in memory until the port is free), the packet destined for Port 3 will also be delayed, even though the port may be free. Cumulatively, these delays can have a noticeable effect on overall network performance. Enabling HOL Blocking Prevention prevents Head-of-Line blocking from occurring, meaning that the packet destined for Port 3 gets delivered immediately.

The port configuration screen allows you to change the port state in the case when you would like to partition a port due to excessive collision, or for observation, device repair, or security reasons. Great caution, however, must be observed when partitioning a port; you should make sure that the partitioned port is not being used as the port to control or monitor the condition of other devices.

Items in the above window are defined as follows:

• Switch Specifies the Switch where the port is being configured.
• Module Specifies the module where the port is being configured.
• Port Specifies the port that will be configured.
• Port Type Specifies the speed and cable type of the selected port.

• State Enables or Disables the port. This amounts to turning the port on or off.

• Speed/Duplex Selects the desired Speed and Duplex settings for the port. Possibilities include: Auto, 100M/Full, 100M/Half, 10M/Full, or 10M/Half. If a Gigabit module is being used, 1000M/Full will be displayed in this field. Choosing Auto enables NWay auto-configuration on the port.
• Flow Ctrl Toggles flow control On or Off. It is useful during periods of heavy network activity when the Switch’s buffers can receive too much traffic and fill up faster than the Switch can forward the information. In such cases, the Switch will intervene and tell the transmitting device to pause to allow the information in the port buffer to be sent. Confirm that Flow Control is in force by checking the Status field.
• Priority Selects Normal, High or Low. The Switch has two packet queues where incoming packets wait to be processed for forwarding; a high priority and low priority queue. The high priority queue should only be used for data in which latency can have adverse affects on the function of an application, such as video or audio data, where latency can produce distorted sounds and images. Packets in the low priority queue will not be processed unless the High priority queue is empty. Setting the port priority to High will deliver all packets arriving at the port to the high priority queue, a Low setting will send them all to the low priority queue. The Normal setting causes the port to examine the packet for an IEEE 802.1p/q priority tag. If no tag exists, the packet will be sent to the low priority queue. If the priority tag field in the packet header contains a value of 0-3, the packet will be placed in the low priority queue; a value of 4-7 causes the packet to be placed in the high priority queue.

• Port Lock When Enabled, automatic learning for all stations connected to this port will stop and entries in the Forwarding Table for all devices residing on this port will age out. The only traffic this port will allow is traffic from machines whose MAC address is manually entered in the Static Forwarding Table.

• Broadcast Storm Rising Action This setting will be activated when a Broadcast Storm Rising Threshold is met. When triggered, the port can be configured to Do Nothing, Blocking or Blocking-Trap. The Do Nothing setting causes the switch to operate normally, in other words, ignore the broadcast storm condition. The Blocking setting causes the port to drop all broadcast frames, thus isolating the broadcast storm. Blocking-Trap performs the same action as Blocking, except it also sends a trap to the designated Trap Recipient informing them of the situation. For more information on broadcast storms, please refer to the previous chapter.
• Broadcast Storm Falling Action This setting will be activated when the Broadcast Storm Rising Threshold and then the Broadcast Storm Falling Threshold are each met. This setting can be configured to Do Nothing, Forwarding or Forwarding-Trap. The Do Nothing setting causes the switch to operate normally, that is, to ignore the situation. If the port had met the Broadcast Storm Rising Action criteria and started Blocking broadcast packets, it will continue doing so. The Forwarding setting causes the port to begin forwarding broadcast frames, thus removing the Blocking state imposed by the Broadcast Storm Rising Action. Forwarding-Trap performs the same action as Forwarding, except it also sends a trap to the designated Trap Recipient informing them of the situation.

Press CTRL+S to let the changes take effect. If you wish these changes to be the default for the switch, return to the main menu and choose Save Changes.

STP Port State (whether the Spanning Tree Protocol is enabled or disabled on this port) and Status reflect the current conditions of the port. They are read-only fields and cannot be changed.

Ports on the Switch can be grouped together in a single logical port called a trunk. This is discussed in detail in the Port Trunking section of the “Switch Management Concepts” chapter of this manual.

To set up a trunk group, choose Configure Trunk on the System Configuration menu. The following screen appears:

The fields you can set are:

• Anchor There are either two or three listings representing the anchor port for each of the three trunk groups available on the Switch (the third listing will only be displayed if an optional two-port plug-in module is being used). The anchor port must fall within the port range and be included as a member port.
• Name Enter the desired group name. In the example pictured above the first trunk group designates a trunk connection between a Switch on the 6^th floor and this one on the 7^th floor
• Members Select between 2 to 8 ports in the first two entries for this field. The number of ports defined here start from the anchor port. Thus, in the example pictured above containing 4 ports in the first trunk, the ports in the trunk group will include ports (anchor), 5, 6, 8, and 11. The third entry (used for 2-port front-panel modules) has a permanent setting of 2 ports.
• State Enabled, Disabled or Clear. Be careful when clearing trunk groups as the connections will return to normal operation and may cause signal loops.

Port Range is a read-only field which lists the possible ports in a selected trunk.

Press APPLY to let the changes take effect.

To change the Protocol Parameters:

1. Choose Configure Spanning Tree Protocol from the System Configuration menu. The following Configure Spanning Tree Protocol menu will be displayed:

The information on the screen is described as follows:

• Spanning Tree Protocol Select Enabled to implement the Spanning Tree Protocol.
• Time Since Topology Change(Sec) Read-only object displays the last time changes were made to the network topology. These changes usually occur when backup paths are activated due to primary path failures.
• Topology Change Count Read-only object displays the number of times (since the current management session with the device was started) changes were made to the network topology. Changes usually occur on the network when backup paths are activated.
• Designated Root Read-only object displays the MAC (Ethernet) address of the bridge/switch on the network that has been chosen as the STP root.
• Root Cost Read-only object displays the cost for the path between the switch and the root bridge. If the switch is the root bridge, then the root cost is zero.
• Root port Read-only object identifies the port (on the bridge) that offers the least path cost from the bridge to the root bridge. In the event of a network loop, data packets will pass through the root port.
• Max Age(Sec) Read-only object indicates the maximum age of STP information learned from the network (on any port) before it is discarded.
• Forward Delay(Sec) Read-only object indicates how fast any port on the bridge can change its spanning state when moving towards the forwarding state. The value determines how long the port stays in each of the listening and learning states, which precede the forwarding state.

• Hold Time(Sec) Read-only object displays the time interval during which no more than two configuration BPDUs shall be transmitted by the bridge.

• Root Priority Read-only object displays the priority number of the root bridge of the Spanning Tree. The value is used in conjunction with the bridge MAC address to set the bridge ID, which in turn is used when determining the root bridge of a multibridged network. The root bridge is responsible for processing data packets when network loops occur. The smaller the number set, the higher the bridge priority is. The higher the bridge priority, the more chance the bridge has of becoming the root bridge. A bridge priority ranges from 0 to 65535, with 0 being the highest priority.
• Max Age(6-40 Sec) Maximum Age is a read-write object that can be set from 6 to 40 seconds. At the end of the Maximum Age, if a BPDU has still not been received from the Root ridge, your Switch will start sending its own BPDU to all other switches for permission to become the Root Bridge. If it turns out that your Switch has the lowest Bridge Identifier, it will become the Root Bridge.
• Hello Time(1-10 Sec) Hello Time is a read-write object that can be set from 1 to 10 seconds. This is the interval between two transmissions of BPDU packets sent by the Root Bridge to tell all other switches that it is indeed the Root Bridge. If you set a Hello Time for your Switch, and it is not the Root Bridge, the set Hello Time will be used if and when your Switch becomes the Root Bridge.
• Forward Delay(4-30 Sec) The Forward Delay is a read-write object that can be set from 4 to 30 seconds. This is the time any port on the Switch spends in the listening state while moving from the blocking state to the forwarding state.
• Bridge Priority(0-65535) A Bridge Priority is a read-write object that can be set from 0 to 65535. This is the priority number of the bridge. The value is used in conjunction with the bridge MAC address to set the bridge ID, which in turn is used when determining the root bridge of a multibridged network. The root bridge is responsible for processing data packets when network loops occur. The smaller the number set, the higher the bridge priority is. The higher the bridge priority, the more chance the bridge has of becoming the root bridge. Zero is the highest priority.

To change the parameters on individual ports:

1. Choose Configure Spanning Tree Protocol from the System Configuration menu.

2. Choose STP Custom Settings from the Configure Spanning Tree Protocol menu. The following screen appears:

Items in the above window are described as follows:

When a packet hits the Switch, it looks in the filtering and forwarding tables to decide what to do with the packet; either to filter it off the network, or to forward it through the port on which its destination lies.

Dynamic Filtering and Static Filtering are among the two important features of the Custom Filtering Table. They are defined here briefly as follows. Dynamic Filtering is defined when a dynamic entry is created by the Learning Process as a result of observation of network traffic in the Filtering Database. Static Filtering is defined as static entries that may be added and removed from the Filtering Database by the user. They are not automatically removed by any timeout mechanism.

The Configure Filtering and Forwarding table screen allows you to stop or start address learning, change the way the Switch treats MAC address table entries, and select an age-out time of the MAC address in the selected address table. This screen also permits you to access three additional configuration screens from the menu at the bottom of the window.

Choose Configure Filtering and Forwarding Table from the System Configuration menu to access the following screen:

The following fields at the top of the screen can be set:

• Lock Address Table(STOPs Learning) Mostly used for security purposes, when the forwarding table is locked the Switch will no longer learn the MAC addresses for new hosts. If your network configuration doesn’t change, locking the forwarding table helps keep intruders off your network since any packet coming from an unknown source address will be dropped by the Switch.
• Address Table Lookup Mode This setting allows the user to tailor the MAC address look up procedure. Choices are Level 0, Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, Level 4, Level 5, Level, 6, Level 7. The higher the level, the more MAC addresses can be learned by the Switch. However, a side effect is that throughput will be degraded the higher the level you select. This setting will take effect after your system reboots.
• MAC Address Aging Enter the desired MAC address age-out time in this field (10 to 9999 seconds).

Please refer to the Packet Forwarding section of the “Switch Management Concepts” chapter of this manual for more detailed information.

The Static Forwarding Table displays a list of manually defined static unicast MAC address entries.

To access the Static Forwarding Table Configuration screen, choose Configure Filtering and Forwarding Table from the System Configuration menu. Then select Configure Static Forwarding Table Entry from the bottom of the Configure Filtering and Forwarding table screen. The following screen appears:

By mapping a MAC address to a destination port, the switch can permanently forward traffic for a specified device through a specific port, even after long periods of network inactivity or during times of network congestion.

The following fields at the top of the screen can be set:

• Action Choose Add or Remove for each entry from the table.
• MAC Address Enter a MAC address in this field at the top of the screen. This is the MAC address of the device that you are creating a permanent forwarding address for. A total of ten destination addresses per page will be seen at the bottom of the screen. The Switch can hold up to 256 entries.
• Switch, Module, and Port The Switch, module, and port number are entered in these fields at the top of the screen. The Switch will always forward traffic to the specified device through this port. The bottom of the screen will display each corresponding destination address for these three items.

Status is a read-only field which lists the status of the static forwarding table entry. It can be “in use” or “not apply.” “Not apply” means that there is a static filter for the same MAC address. Static filters always take precedence over static forwarding entries. The Switch will automatically upgrade the Status to “in use” once the static filter is removed.

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) allows multicasting on your network. When IP Multicast Filtering is enabled, the Switch can intelligently forward (rather that broadcast) IGMP queries and reports sent between devices connected to the Switch and an IGMP-enabled device hosting IGMP on your network.

Basically, in these submenus you define whether the Switch can intelligently forward IGMP packets, and you must also define which 802.1Q VLANs (if present) can send and receive IGMP and Multicast packets.

To access the IGMP Configuration screen, select Configure Filtering and Forwarding Table from the System Configuration menu. Then select Configure IGMP from the bottom of the Configure Filtering and Forwarding table screen. The following screen appears:

Items in the above window are defined as follows:

• IP Multicast Filtering Age-out Timer (30-9999) When this timer expires and the switch has not observed (snooped) any IGMP query packets asking whether any stations belong to any Multicast groups, the switch itself will send out queries and become the IGMP host on your network.
• IP Multicast Filtering (IGMP Snooping) This enables/disables the switch to intelligently forward IGMP and Multicast packets instead of broadcasting (flooding) them on all ports. This setting also enables IGMP Snooping, which enables the switch to read IGMP packets being forwarded through the switch in order to obtain forwarding information from them (learn which ports contain Multicast members).

The bottom of this screen contains a command for VLAN settings that leads to the IEEE 802.1q IGMP Configuration menu. Highlight Configure 802.1Q IGMP and press Enter to access this screen:

The above window is used to specify an agent to interface between IGMP and VLAN. The agents are assigned to a VLAN and allow IGMP query and report packets to be present on the given VLAN. Only 12 agents can exist on the switch at any one time.

Items in the above window are described below:

• Action Adds/Removes an entry (agent) from the table.
• VID The VLAN number that you wish to create an agent for.
• Apply Adds the agent to the table.

Go back to the IEEE 802.1q IGMP Configuration menu and choose Configure IGMP Control Table in order to activate/deactivate the agents and configure settings for them.

Choose Configure IGMP Control Table from the IEEE 802.1q IGMP Configuration menu to access the IEEE 802.1Q IGMP Configuration screen:

This allows you to enable/disable these agents and set aging timers for them.

Items in the above window are defined as follows:

• VLAN ID This is the VID number for the VLAN that has an agent attached to it which enables IGMP packets to be sent and received.
• Age-out Timer If no IGMP query packet has arrived at the Switch before this timer has expired, the Switch will become the IGMP host for this VLAN.
• IGMP Status Activates/deactivates the agent on this VLAN.

The VLANs & MAC-based Broadcast Domains Configuration menu displays the status of the current mode and allows a user to restart the Switch in either IEEE 802.1Q VLANs (port-based) mode or MAC-Based Broadcast Domains mode, or to use neither selection by choosing NONE. Please note that the Switch can only support either port-based VLANs or MAC-based broadcast domains at any given time; it cannot support both types simultaneously. You can also access two additional screens, Configure MAC-based Broadcast Domains and Configure IEEE 802.1Q VLANs.

Choose Configure VLANs & MAC-based Broadcast Domains on the System Configuration menu to access the VLANs & MAC-based Broadcast Domains Configuration screen:

The information on the top of the screen is described as follows:

• Current Mode Displays what mode, if any, is currently enabled on the Switch.
• Restart Mode Choose from three settings for this mode: MAC-Based Broadcast Domains, IEEE 802.1Q VLANs, or NONE. After being restarted, the Switch will implement the setting you have chosen.
• SNMP Vlan If the IEEE 802.1Q VLANs mode is selected, you must also enter a SNMP VLAN ID number in this field. This is a special VLAN that you designate for SNMP management packets. Make sure the Switch port that the management station is connected to has this PVID number and is a static member of this VLAN.

To create MAC-based broadcast domains, simply create the broadcast domain itself in the Add/Remove MAC-based Broadcast Domains screen, and then enter MAC addresses to the broadcast domain in the Add/Remove MAC-based Broadcast Domain Members screen. Afterwards, restart the Switch and the broadcast domain will be implemented.

Please note that if the mode is set to MAC-Based Broadcast Domains, then the Port Lock function is not supported in the Port Configuration screen and the Lock Address Table function located on the Configure Filtering and Forwarding table screen is not available.

Choose Configure MAC-base Broadcast Domains from the bottom of the screen above to access the MAC-Based Broadcast Domains Configuration menu:

Choose Add/Remove MAC-based Broadcast Domains to access the following screen:

The fields you can set are:

• Action Select the desired action by toggling between Add and Remove.
• Domain Name Enter the name of the broadcast domain.

Press APPLY to add/remove the designated MAC-based broadcast domain.

Broadcast Domains and Number of Members reflect the current status. They are read-only fields and cannot be changed.

Choose Add/Remove MAC-based Broadcast Domain Members from the MAC-Based Broadcast Domains Configuration menu to access the following screen:

To configure a broadcast domain, highlight the desired entry on the screen above and press ENTER. The following Add/Remove MAC-based Broadcast Domain Members screen appears:

The fields you can set are:

• Action Select the desired action by toggling between Add and Remove.

• MAC Address The MAC address of the broadcast domain member being added or removed.

Please note that the Status field for the MAC address you have entered may read Not-Apply. Once the Switch is restarted in MAC-based broadcast domain mode, the MAC-addresses will be applied, meaning that the broadcast domain is active.

Current Broadcast Domain, Number of members, MAC Address (in the lower part of the screen), and Status reflect the current conditions. They are read-only fields and cannot be changed.

To configure an IEEE 802.1Q port-based VLAN, you must do three things:

1. Decide if you want to enable Ingress Filtering and enable it on the chosen ports. Ingress filtering applied on a port causes the port to examine all incoming packets and check whether the port itself is a member of the VLAN. This is normally used to keep untagged frames off the Switch, although it can have other uses as well. This setting is configurable for each port in the Ingress Filtering Check screen.
2. Define which ports will be active members of the VLAN. A port can transmit packets onto only one VLAN. It can receive packets (be a passive member) on many VLANs. Active VLANs are designations defined by assigning Port VLAN ID numbers (PVIDs) in the Default port VLAN assignment screen.
3. Define the VLAN itself and which ports will be members (able to receive packets from a port that has this PVID number). At this point, you need to designate whether a member port will be a Tagging or Untagging member port. Defining the ports that will be members of a VLAN, and whether they will Tag or Untag packets is done in the 802.1Q Static VLAN Settings screen.

Choose Configure IEEE 802.1Q VLANs on the VLANs & MAC-based Broadcast Domains Configuration screen (under Configure VLANs & MAC-based Broadcast Domains of the System Configuration menu) to access the IEEE 802.1Q VLANs Configuration menu:

Choose Configure Port Ingress Filter to access the first item on the menu. The following screen appears:

This screen allows you to set Ingress filtering for each port to either Enabled or Disabled. When a packet arrives at the port and Ingress filtering is Enabled, the port will check the VLAN ID number of the packet, and its own VIDs. If there is a match, the port will receive the packet. If the packet doesn’t have a VLAN tag or the port is not a member of the VLAN for which the packet is tagged, the packet will be discarded.

Choose Configure Port VLAN ID to access the second item on the IEEE 802.1Q VLANs Configuration menu. The following screen appears:

This screen allows you to set a Default port VLAN ID number (Vid) for each port. Press CTRL+S to let the changes take effect.

Choose Configure Static VLAN Entry to access the third item on the IEEE 802.1Q VLANs Configuration menu. The following screen appears:

The fields you can set are:

• V-ID Enter a VLAN ID from 1 to 4094. This is the VLAN that will be defined on this screen.
• VLAN Name Description of the VLAN.
• Tag/Untag Toggle between “T” for tag and “U” for untag for each port.
• Egress Position the cursor over the dash “-“ representing the appropriate port number and press <space bar> to select “E” for Egress, or leave the dash “-“. An E designates the specified port as a static member of the VLAN. A dash means the port is not given VLAN membership for the VID entered above.
• State Toggle between Active and Inactive.

Choose Browse 802.1Q VLAN Entries at the bottom of the 802.1Q Static VLAN Settings screen to access the following screen:

This table displays the current V-ID and VLAN Name as well as Tag/Untag and Egress (membership) status for all 802.1Q static VLAN entries. Use the F3 key to move to the next page and the F4 key to move to the previous page.

The Switch is capable of obtaining its configuration settings (the same settings defined in this console program), as well as updated versions of its internal switching software (the console program itself), using TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol). You can use the Update Firmware and Configuration Files screen to control this feature.

Choose Update Firmware and Configuration Files to access the fourth item on the Switch’s main menu. The following screen appears:

After making your changes in the fields above, press REBOOT TO START UPDATE to initiate the update sequence.

The fields you can set are:

• Software Update Mode Set to either network or SLIP. Determines whether the configuration file should be obtained through the Ethernet network or through the console port.
• TFTP Server Address The IP address of the TFTP server where the runtime (switching software) or configuration file is located. This entry is used only if the Firmware Update is set to Enabled.
• Firmware Update Determines whether or not the Switch will try to look for a runtime image file on the TFTP server.
• File Name The complete path and filename of the runtime image file on your TFTP server to be uploaded to the Switch.
• Use Config File Toggle to Enabled to use the settings in a configuration text file when the switch is reset (rebooted). The configuration file is explained in detail in the Sample Configuration File Appendix.
• Config File Name The complete path and filename on the TFTP server for the configuration file to use.

Last TFTP Server Address is a read-only field that displays the IP address of the last TFTP server to be accessed.

The Utilities menu offers four system utility options, Ping Test, Save Settings to TFTP Server, Save Switch History to TFTP Server, and Clear Address Table.

Choose System Utilities on the main menu to access the Utilities menu seen below:

Choose Ping Test to access the following screen:

After filling in the fields above, press START to initiate the Ping test.

The fields you can set are:

• Destination IP Address The IP address of the device to be Pinged.
• Repetition Amount of times the Switch should send the Ping (1-255). If zero is chosen, the Switch will continue Pinging indefinitely.

In the lower part of the Ping Test screen, you can view the Ping status, including Result, Reply, Time out, and Unreachable.

Choose Save Settings to TFTP Server from the Utilities menu (under System Utilities on the main menu) to access the following screen:

Press START to begin the upload. The result will be displayed in the lower part of the screen.

The fields you can set are:

• Server IP Address The IP address of the TFTP server where you wish to save the settings for the Switch.
• File Name The complete path and filename for the file.

Choose Save Switch History to TFTP Server from the Utilities menu (under System Utilities on the main menu) to access the following screen:

Press START to begin the file save. The result will be displayed in the lower part of the screen.

The fields you can set are:

• Server IP Address The IP address of the TFTP server where the switch history file will be located.
• File Name The complete path and filename on the TFTP server for the file.

Choose Clear Address Table from the Utilities menu (under System Utilities on the main menu) to clear the entire Address Table (also known as the Filtering and Forwarding table).

The Switch sends out SNMP traps to network management stations whenever certain exceptional events occur, such as when the Switch is turned on or when a system reset occurs. The Switch allows traps to be routed to up to four different network management hosts.

For a detailed list of trap types used for this Switch, see the Traps section in the “Switch Management Concepts” chapter.

SNMP (version 1) implements a rudimentary form of security by requiring that each request includes a community name. A community name is an arbitrary string of characters used as a “password” to control access to the Switch. If the Switch receives a request with a community name it does not recognize, it will trigger an authentication trap.

Choose Community Strings and Trap Stations to access the third item on the main menu. The following screen appears:

The following SNMP Manager and Trap Manager Configuration parameters can be set:

• SNMP Community String/Trap Community String The community string that will be included on SNMP packets sent to and from the Switch. Any station not privy to this community will not receive the packet.
• Access Right Allows each community to be separately set to either Read Only, meaning that the community member can only view switch settings or Read/Write, which allows the member to change settings in the switch.
• Status/Trap Status Determines whether this community name entry is Valid or Invalid. An entry can be disabled by changing its status to Invalid.
• IP Address The IP address of the network management station to receive traps.

To access the first item on the Traffic Statistics menu, choose Port Utilization. The following table appears:

Select the desired device in the Switch field and the desired increment setting in the Update Interval field: 5 sec, 15 sec, 30 sec, 1 min, or Suspend.

The statistic counters displayed are defined as follows:

• TX/sec The number of good bytes sent from the respective port per second.
• RX/sec The number of good bytes received per second. This also includes local and dropped packets.
• %Util. This shows the percentage of available bandwidth each port is using over the amount of time specified by the update interval. For example, when a 10 Mbps port is relaying packets at 5 Mbps, the utilization is 50%.

To access the second item on the Traffic Statistics menu, choose Port Traffic Statistics. The following table appears:

Select the desired device in the Switch field, the desired setting in the Ports field, and the desired increment setting in the Update Interval field: 5 sec, 15 sec, 30 sec, 1 min, or Suspend.

The statistic counters displayed are defined as follows:

• Speed If the link is up, the speed and duplex status will be displayed; if the link is down “-” will be displayed.
• % Utilization This shows the percentage of available bandwidth each port is using over the amount of time specified by the update interval. For example, when a 10 Mbps port is relaying packets at 5 Mbps, the utilization is 50%.
• Bytes Recv. The number of good bytes received. This also includes local and dropped packets.
• Bytes Sent The number of good bytes sent from the respective port.
• Frames Recv. The number of good frames received. This also includes local and dropped packets.
• Frames Sent The number of good frames sent from the respective port.
• Total Bytes Recv. The number of bytes received, good and bad.
• Total Frames Recv. The number of frames received, good and bad.
• Last Seen MAC The MAC address of the last device that sent packets over this port.

To access the third item on the Traffic Statistics menu, choose Port Packet Error Statistics. The following table appears:

Select the desired device in the Switch field, the desired setting in the Ports field, and the desired increment setting in the Update Interval field: 5 sec, 15 sec, 30 sec, 1 min, or Suspend.

The statistic counters displayed are defined as follows:

• Speed If the link is up, the speed and duplex status will be displayed; if the link is down “-” will be displayed.

• CRC Error The number of frames that fail the CRC integrity check.
• Oversize The number of good frames with length greater than 1536 bytes and therefore are greater than the maximum legal length.
• Bad Fragment The number of packets less than 64 bytes with either bad framing or an invalid CRC. These are normally the result of collisions.
• Jabber The number of frames with length more than 1536 bytes and with CRC error or misalignment (bad framing).
• Late Collision The number of collisions that occur at or after the 64^th byte (octet) in the frame.
• Mac Rx Error The number of frames with received MAC Errors.
• Dropped Frames The number of frames which are dropped by this port since the last Switch reboot.
• Undersize Frames The number of frames detected that are less than the minimum permitted frame size of 64 bytes and have a good CRC. Undersize frames usually indicate collision fragments, a normal network occurrence.
• Total errors The sum of the CRC Error, Oversize, Bad Fragment, Jabber, Late Collision, Mac Rx Error, Dropped Frames, and Undersize Frames counters.
• Collisions The number of times packets have collided on this port.

To access the fourth item on the Traffic Statistics menu, choose Port Packet Analysis Statistics. The following table appears:

Select the desired device in the Switch field, the desired port in the Port field, and the desired increment setting in the Update Interval field: 5 sec, 15 sec, 30 sec, 1 min, or Suspend.

The statistic counters displayed are defined as follows:

• 64, 65-127, 128-255, 256-511, 512-1023, 1024-1536 The number of good frames of various length ranges, both valid and invalid.
• RX (GOOD) The number of good frames received. This also includes local and dropped packets.
• TX (GOOD) The number of good frames sent from the respective port.
• Total RX The number of frames received, good and bad.
• TX Octets The number of good bytes sent from the respective port.
• RX Octets The number of good bytes received. This also includes local and dropped packets.
• Total RX The number of bytes received, good and bad.
• Unicast RX/Unicast TX The number of good unicast frames received and sent. This includes dropped unicast packets.
• Multicast RX/Multicast TX The number of good multicast frames received and sent. This includes local and dropped multicast packets.
• Broadcast RX/Broadcast TX The number of good broadcast frames received and sent. This includes dropped broadcast packets.

The Browse IGMP Status function allows you to browse Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP). The Switch is able to recognize IGMP queries and reports sent between stations and an IGMP router. When enabled for IGMP snooping, the Switch can open or close a port to specific devices based on the IGMP messages sent from the device to the router or vice versa.

To display the IP Multicast Information screen, choose Network Monitoring from the main menu and then choose Browse IGMP Status. The following screen appears:

This screen displays the number of IGMP queries and reports for each active IP multicast group detected by the Switch. You can also view which Switch ports support each multicast group and enter a VLAN number in the field on the right.

The fields displayed are defined as follows:

• IGMP Snooping Indicates whether IGMP snooping is Enabled or Disabled.
• Age-out Timer Displays the time the Switch waits between IGMP queries.
• VLAN Enter the desired VLAN ID number.
• Multicast Group The Multicast IP address of the Multicast group being displayed.
• MAC Address The Multicast MAC address of the multicast group being displayed.
• Queries(TX) The number of IGMP requests sent by the switch.
• Queries(RX) The number of IGMP requests that have arrived at a switch port.
• Reports The number of notifications sent from each station to the IGMP host, signifying that the station is still (or wants to be) part of a multicast group.
• Ports The Switch ports supporting the selected multicast group.

To exit the console program, choose Logout from the main menu. Make sure you have performed a Save Changes if you have made changes to the settings and wish them to become defaults for the switch. After logging out, you will be returned to the opening login screen.